One of the current issues of personnel management in large Russian companies is attracting and retaining young professionals. Understanding the expectations of young professionals is a key condition for its successful solution. The article considers young professionals as a special category of personnel in large companies, defines the features of large companies as employers, and highlights the levels of expectations of young professionals from the place of work. The results of an independently prepared and conducted focused interview with young professionals working in large Russian companies showed that a high level of material remuneration and opportunities for professional and career growth, training events and a hybrid work schedule are important for them. The main problem areas for young professionals are transparency of career growth, a low level of automation of business processes, and a high level of workload. Young professionals working in large Russian companies attach great importance to the use of digital technologies, especially artificial intelligence. The interview showed the importance for young professionals of a clearly structured corporate communication system that helps them understand the main tasks, revealed the relevance for them of participating in putting forward initiatives and making decisions, the availability of information and the necessary technologies for the implementation of their functionality. The results obtained can be used in developing or updating strategies for attracting and retaining young specialists in large Russian companies.

The article examines the reasons for the growth in demand for physical education, sports, fitness centers and sports clubs. The results of the analysis of statistical indicators of living standards, the state of the economy, budget expenditures and their dependence on each other are presented for the regions of the Volga Federal District. During the study, when calculating the correlation coefficients, it was revealed that there was no relationship between budget expenditures directly on physical education and sports and the growth in demand for paid services in the same area. A strong connection was found between the demand for paid services of physical education, sports, fitness centers and sports clubs with personal income of people, growth of gross regional product and the number of people involved in sports. The considered structure of the volume of paid services showed that citizens’ expenses on physical education and sports are not a priority. In the Volga Federal District, according to the results of 2024, their share amounted to 1.55%. It is concluded that when families satisfy their primary needs, a corresponding information campaign is needed from the state to orient citizens toward a healthy lifestyle and consumption of healthy services, the costs of which will return to the budget in the form of taxes from businesses. Accordingly, the creation of conditions that will allow family budgets to spend on sports is achievable with economic growth and development of regions that will improve the standard of living. The study also raises the question of possible state support for the fitness industry.

The study is devoted to the topical issue of population health reproduction, which due to the global transformational crisis and sanctions pressure on the Russian economy requires special attention from the state. Ensuring the standard and quality of the population’s life in the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the constitutional norms for protecting public health, ensuring active longevity, and improving the quality of life, which is the key to the sustainable development of the domestic economy. The aim of this study is to show that preserving the health of the population in the Russian Federation is currently a recognized strategic priority in order to ensure national security, which has predetermined the scientific tasks of analyzing health as a complex socio-economic category. For the first time, the article shows that health is both a state priority and a significant resource, a special commodity or a social elevator, as well as a criterion for the functioning of a number of socio-economic institutions. The article describes the quasi-social nature of the supply of goods and services outside the public health system against the background of such phenomena as financial poverty, which occurs as a result of general and medical inflation. The study shows that the family budget deficit of highly qualified and sought-after specialists, including medical professionals, does not allow forming effective financial strategies and creating a full-fledged market demand in the private medicine market. The analysis of state support measures for public health in modern conditions has made it possible to identify the optimal option for ensuring its savings — a surplus of direct state financing of the healthcare system, supplemented by indirect measures to maintain the market of medical products and services in a state of effective competition.

The article transcends the limitations of traditional psychological and economic approaches to work motivation by offering a sociological lens for its analysis. It demonstrates that material motivation is not an isolated economic tool but is deeply embedded in social networks, institutional structures, and systems of collective representations. Synthesizing key theories, the study reveals that the effectiveness of financial incentives is fundamentally mediated by (1) perceptions of social justice, (2) the organization’s social and human capital, and (3) pressures from the institutional environment. The study aims to provide a sociological analysis of material work motivation, proving its intrinsic social embeddedness. It argues that material incentives (salaries, bonuses, benefits) are inherently social phenomena. Their efficacy depends on four interrelated factors: 1) perceptions of social justice distributive, procedural, interactional); 2) social capital (trust, relational networks); 3) human capital development and growth opportunities; 4) institutional pressures (formal rules, informal norms, cultural context). A comprehensive model integrating these elements is proposed. Findings confirm the need to shift from isolated economic compensation models to socially integrated reward systems. Practical recommendations include ensuring transparency, fairness, investments in social capital, and adaptation to institutional environments. Future research should empirically validate this framework across industries and cross-cultural contexts, alongside developing diagnostic tools for assessing the social embeddedness of motivation systems.

The article presents a comprehensive methodology for building a neural network architecture for forecasting, adapting and regulating social and labour processes in the BRICS megacities, where approximately 470–480 million people lived in 2023. The study substantiates the use of hybrid architectures based on RNN, LSTM, CNN and GAN, which ensures the processing of temporal, spatial and synthetic data in highly urbanized environments. The level of urbanization in the BRICS countries ranges from 36% in India to 87% in Brazil, which requires customized digital solutions. It has been revealed that informal employment in India reaches 80%, and in South Africa the unemployment rate in 2023 was 32%, which creates the need for models to restore hidden labour indicators. The authors demonstrate that the use of attention mechanisms allows taking into account country-specific features, and explicable AI increases the transparency of decisions for government authorities. Special attention is paid to platform employment: up to 46% of workers in Brazil and India face unstable orders, while in Russia and China it is about 31%. Generative networks (GANs) are used to model social policy scenarios taking into account stress factors. Special attention is paid to the Decent-Gig Index metric as a target indicator for training samples. The institutional asynchrony between the BRICS countries is offset by the multitasking architecture that supports different legal regimes. It is shown that neural networks can interpret migration flows, for example, 140 million seasonal workers in India annually. The article highlights the importance of digital ecosystems of megacities in shaping flexible employment policies. The proposed architecture is focused on integration into urban management systems through APIs and multi-agent platforms. The possibility of using real-time labour analytics, already implemented in Shenzhen and Sao Paulo, is substantiated. The methodology is based on 18 sources with up-to-date data and confirms the high scientific and practical importance of using neural networks in regulating social and labour relations.

Innovation is the key to growth and competitive advantage in the modern economy. After all, it is innovation that leads to the emergence of new products, services, allows enterprises to reduce production costs, enter new markets, compete and develop. Measuring the results of innovation activity, as well as the process of its implementation and realization is a very difficult, but at the same time, very relevant area. The development of an adaptive model of social controlling in innovation activity contributes to the use and creation of favorable conditions, including by improving the coordination of enterprise activities and in response to the actions of the external environment, which determines the relevance of the study. The aim is to develop an adaptive model of social controlling of innovation activity, taking into account the evolution and transformation of understanding of controlling from the initial (as a system of instrumental support of economic activity) to the management of the enterprise as a social system. To achieve the aim the following objectives were solved: the basic ideas of controlling, controlling innovations were considered; the foreign experience of formation of the system of assessment and control of innovations both at the state level and at the level of enterprises were studied, and on their basis the concept and adaptive model of social controlling of innovation activity of the enterprise was formed. The study uses the methods of statistical and comparative analysis, synthesis, expert survey on a formalized questionnaire, conducted within the framework of the phenomenological approach, which allows identifying attitudes, internal motives for innovation activity, variability of opinions, understanding of the essence of the problem. As a result, the model of social controlling of innovation activity of the enterprise was developed and formed; the key criteria, key factors necessary for monitoring and impact in the context of management of innovation activity of the enterprise as a social system were revealed. The developed adaptive model of social controlling of innovation activity is aimed at creating favorable conditions for innovation activity at the enterprise, embedded in the system of general controlling of the enterprise. Such elements as organizational culture, innovation climate, socio-psychological climate of the team, value orientations, motivation and readiness for innovation are extremely important in this mechanism of origin, formation and dissemination of innovative ideas, which allows transforming intentions into actions, increasing the level of knowledge of personnel, their skills and turning the process of creating innovations into interdependent goals, which is characteristic of learning organizations.

The pandemic has shown the balance and conflict existing between societal and individual actions. The aim of this article is to investigate the legal and ethical parameters that lend themselves to the promotion and restriction of human rights in times of public health policy implementation. This applies not only to the COVID-19 pandemic, but also to all other situations related to various outbreaks of diseases, which happened in the beginning of the 21st century. The pandemic has given rise to a new round of discussions about the system of human values and at the same time prompted awareness of the need for proportionality of rights. On the one hand, the international community and national states have the right to all kinds of restrictions on human life. On the other hand, there are the rights of every person to freedom of movement, communication, organization of work and recreation, legalized by the same international community. Considering the aim of the study, the authors focused on the following questions: (1) What are the main norms of international human rights law related to the protection of public health? (2) How did domestic legal norms strive to preserve human rights and public health during the pandemic? (3) What are the most important problems and shortcomings identified in the current legal norms? (4) How can we achieve a more systematic understanding of how applied public health measures will not exacerbate human rights violations? A comparative analysis of international human rights law, national constitutions and emergency management (EM) legislation was carried dating from 2006–2022 across 50 countries. The principle of proportionality was applied, which supposes achieving a balance between conflicting interests, weighing them in the light of their comparative social importance and preventing the consequences of large-scale restrictions on freedom. However, the reconciliation of competing interests takes place by defining the limits of the relevant rights, which allows for the possibility of restricting rights in order to protect the rights of the majority of citizens and requires the validity of such restrictions. As a result, the following conclusions were made: (1) irrespective of how insignificant a health policy restriction may seem ‘limited’ rights clauses will push for most jurisdictions enabling restrictions; (2) natural justice and fair trial provisions are now important factors during states of emergency; (3) populations that are at high risk are more than often more prone to additional rights abuses; (4) judicial independence and empowerment are deemed necessary but often do not exist. The article argues that a more differential and contextual understanding of public health powers and human rights laws will be warranted. It outlines a specific decision-making approach encompassing a rights-proportionality test to assist in performing law-making and judicial review. The theoretical contribution aims at promoting more effective management of competing values during an emergency period. The legal consequences and relevance of the study suggest providing specific advice for the practitioners such as lawmakers, judges, and medical administration. After legal research, researches should analyze what influence the law has on healthcare quality and the level of healthcare rights.

The article analyses the effects of state subsidies on agricultural enterprises in the Far Eastern Federal District, in particular influence on the labor productivity, firm profits, returns on sales and assets, capital deepening. Main hypothesis of the study states that subsidy reception has an impact on economic performance of agricultural enterprises. Our research has been conducted using a difference-in-difference method on the dataset of Far Eastern agricultural producers in 2018–2023. The panel data includes information about 115 companies that received state support in 2021–2022 and 110 companies in the control group. The results showed no statistically significant effect of subsidies on most indicators, excluding 21.2% increase in the capital per worker indicator in 2023. Notable finding of the study suggests negative selection of support recipients: companies that received support first in 2021 had significantly lower labor productivity and profitability in previous years. This inference may indicate the compensatory function of agricultural subsidies, i.e. state support measures are likely provided to negate the disadvantageous farming conditions in the Far East. The obtained results are not clear-cut due to lack of individual entrepreneurs in the dataset. Individual entrepreneurs make up around 80% of all direct state farming support recipients but are not included because of the information deficiency. These findings can be used to further improve the efficiency of state support for rural enterprises and develop a more effective policy for supporting the rural economy in the Far Eastern Federal District.

The article presents the methodology of comprehensive assessment of reputational capital of Russian regions. A systematic approach to the assessment of reputational capital, combining both quantitative and qualitative methods is proposed. The aim of the research is to summarise and supplement the existing approaches to the assessment of reputational capital, taking into account the key aspects of regional development. The objectives of the study are to define the essence and structure of the region’s reputational capital, to identify the factors that form the region’s reputational capital. The article uses a comparative analysis of similarities and differences to the qualitative study of the reputational capital of territories to compare the reputational capital of territories (meso-level) and companies (micro-level) on the basis of content analysis and systematisation of materials on the relevant subject; a factor analysis to identify and structure the key factors affecting the assessment of the reputational capital of the region on the basis of the method of systematisation and classification to summarise and structure the obtained data in order to form the basis for assessing the reputational capital of the region. Key aspects of formation of reputational capital of territories (e.g., economic development, social sphere, ecology, investment climate, cultural heritage, quality of management, etc.) and companies were identified and systematised, revealing their common and distinctive features. As a result, key factors for assessing the region’s reputational capital are identified, which can be used to develop effective management strategies. In the future it is necessary as well to analyse the state of reputation capital management systems of the subjects of the Russian Federation and to develop practical models of regional management taking into account the dynamics and indicators of reputation capital.

In order to increase the efficiency of operational management of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to reduce the time lag between obtaining primary statistical data and processing analytical information for government employees. The scientific research analyzed the relevance of such a primary statistical indicator as “the number of intellectual property objects of the subjects of the Russian Federation”. The relevance of the indicator was justified by formalizing the relationship between the quality of an operational management decision and time, as well as by conducting a correlation and regression analysis between the indicators “number of intellectual property objects of the subjects of the Russian Federation” and the complex indicator “rating of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation”; proposals were formulated for operational management solutions that increase innovation at the regional level. To achieve the aims of the research, such scientific methods as analysis, deduction, synthesis, graphical method and statistical method were used. As a result of the research, it was found that there is a strong positive relationship between the indicators, which is confirmed by the Spearman correlation coefficient based on the rating of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation for 2020 and 2023 years of publication based on statistical data for 2019 and 2021. It was also determined that the statistical significance of the data is high, which is confirmed by the coefficient of determination based on statistical data for 2019 and 2021. The interannual relationship of the data indicates a tendency towards an increase in the relationship of indicators for 2019 and 2021 years of statistical observations, which is confirmed by the Student’s criterion. In that way, the relevance of the indicator “number of intellectual property objects” for the purposes of operational management of innovation activities is high and proven. The results obtained can be used as a basis for creating an operational integral indicator of regional innovation activity and for adjusting the tools used by government officials in the field of managing the innovative development of Russian regions.

A lean (economical) startup as a new object of research for the implementation of lean management is considered as an opportunity to increase the competitiveness of universities, as a result of university technological entrepreneurship, the effectiveness of which is reflected in the Global Innovation Rating (at the global level), in the Interfax national university ranking, the activities of the Association of Lean Universities at the Russian level. Lean management in the digital economy is the smart management of university processes and project activities, involving all participants in the process of constant change to create a socially significant good. Object of research: lean management in higher education institutions as a source of increasing their competitiveness. Subject: lean startup as a component of lean management in universities, where the beneficiaries are “external” and “internal” participants in the educational process; reflecting the competitive advantages of the university in the fields of innovative entrepreneurship, social sphere. Research objectives: updating the development of lean management in universities; updating the achievements of lean universities in the Interfax ranking; drawing conclusions about the possible impact of lean management in Russian universities to increase their competitiveness. Methods include general scientific methods: quantitative and qualitative analysis, systematization, analysis, synthesis, methods of grouping, comparison; analysis of the websites’ content: project of the Interfax news agency; Association of Lean Universities. As a result, the evolution of lean management development in the Russian educational space has been clarified; an analysis of the activities of lean universities — members of the Association of Lean Universities has been carried out according to the results of the Interfax ranking 2024, with the identification of a leader; the hypothesis that the ability of the lean startup concept of a university to create a large number of ideas in the form of a minimally viable product based on university technology entrepreneurship projects was confirmed; the hypothesis that lean management in universities as a management philosophy is a source of constant transformation in the social sphere, has not been confirmed.

In the context of urbanization and global competition, modern megacities face the need to find sustainable development models that ensure a high quality of life, economic stability and social cohesion. The sports industry, which includes both mass and professional sports, is becoming one of these tools. The aim of the article is to identify the nature and scale of the influence of the sports industry on the socio-economic development of large cities. The problems of the research are defined by insufficient elaboration of the topic in the scientific literature, especially in the context of a comprehensive analysis of the impact of various sports on public health, the formation of national identity, economic activity and the image of cities. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the growing interest on the part of municipal and state bodies in investing in sports infrastructure. The research methodology is based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources, the generalization of empirical data, as well as the use of the case study method, which includes examples of successful implementation of sports projects in megacities. The results of the study showed that mass sports promote health, reduce morbidity, expand healthy lifestyle practices and social integration. Professional sports, in turn, have a “demonstration effect”, form a positive public mood, enhance a sense of national pride, stimulate employment, attract investment and contribute to the modernization of urban infrastructure. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the sports industry plays a system-forming role in the sustainable development of megacities. The findings can be used in the development of urban development strategies aimed at increasing competitiveness, strengthening social capital and creating a favourable urban environment. A promising direction is to conduct regional research, taking into account local specifics.

The article examines the general state of the tourism and recreation sector as well as trends in further improvements of the quality of management in the industry, taking into account the need to ensure a sustainable balance between economic, environmental and social interests. The efficiency of the industry is largely determined by the level of infrastructure development, the qualification of human resources, the state of natural and recreational resources and the quality of services provided. However, the activities of the subjects of the tourism and recreational activities of the industry face a number of limitations, including insufficient financing and high anthropogenic pressure on natural areas, which negatively affects the dynamics of the industry. In this regard, it is becoming relevant to develop and implement effective government regulatory mechanisms that help overcome existing imbalances and form a sustainable model for the development of the tourism and recreation sector. The aim of the article is to develop a mechanism for state regulation of the tourism and recreational sphere of the region based on an integrated approach that covers the economic, environmental and social parameters of long-term planning. The research develops the theoretical foundations for the formation of a mechanism based on a system of instruments of state regulation. The necessity of applying the expediency of using various government support tools (concessional lending programs, crowdfunding platforms, partnership agreements and investment mechanisms) aimed at ensuring a coordinated impact on the tourism industry and increasing its sustainability in a changing external environment, based on international experience, is substantiated. The importance of strategic planning and improvement of the institutional environment as key conditions for the implementation of a sustainable model for the development of the tourism and recreation sector is highlighted. The directions of improving the state regulation of the industry are proposed.

The main prerequisite for expanding the studied aspects of the human potential concept (human development) was the fact that today there are groups of countries with similar high human potential assessments and different indicators of economic development. The study of the conditions for the implementation of human potential for economic growth is largely ignored in the scientific literature. The aim of the study is to identify key aspects of human potential reproduction in state strategies for long-term development in leading countries in terms of technological and scientific progress. It is necessary to give a general assessment of human potential, study the measures of state policy to stimulate R&D, assess the relationship between long-term economic growth, education of the population and the quality of public administration, study the strategies of states for building a system of reproduction and realization of human potential in modern conditions. Simple stimulation of demand through R&D subsidies and tax incentives can lead to an inflated cost of research without increasing its quantity and quality. Human potential is often defined through the level of education of the population. In the context of the development of an innovative economy, science becomes the most important step in the implementation of the educational component of potential. Countries often do not take into account the importance of supply-side policy in the form of timely development of the education system (primarily technical), investment in infrastructure (universities, buildings, laboratories, logistics), popularization of a scientific career, assistance in the influx of highly qualified personnel, etc. It was shown that ultimately, an increase in the education of the population as a whole leads to a higher quality and satisfactory state policy. An analysis of key strategic documents has revealed a number of pressing challenges for countries seeking long-term economic growth: there is no connection between the components of reproduction and the implementation of human potential, which leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of public administration. The exceptions among the countries studied are Japan and South Korea, which place human potential at the center of their long-term development strategies. The article includes a general assessment of the reproduction of human potential, the relationship between long-term economic growth, education of the population and the quality of public administration, and a study of state strategies for building a system of reproduction and implementation of human potential in modern conditions.

Collecting signatures of voters became a prerequisite for registering lists of candidates during the first multiparty elections in 1993. Studying the signature campaign, which has not received adequate coverage in the literature, is important for understanding political changes and the level of civic engagement in the country since the collapse of the USSR. This campaign also shows how various political forces used democratic procedures for their own purposes, which deepens the understanding of the peculiarities of the established party system of the Russian Federation. The aim of this article is to study the procedure for collecting and verifying signatures of voters in the elections to the State Duma of the first convocation as a necessary element of electoral reform, which was designed to promote the implementation of democratic principles of openness, accessibility and legitimacy of the first multiparty elections. The research tools include methods of historical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic), political (structural-functional, institutional) and legal (formal legal) disciplines. In general, the signature campaign for the First Duma, despite its shortcomings, has become an important democratic mechanism that allowed for the “pre-selection” of political competitors to cut off obviously weak participants in the election race and thereby minimize the loss of votes. Collecting signatures nationwide or in a particular region allowed electoral associations and candidates to conduct an election campaign long before its official launch. This new action contributed to the general democratization of the electoral process, opening opportunities for new parties and independent candidates, who sometimes did not have powerful administrative or financial resources. The collected signatures reinforced the legitimacy of political actors, which increased voters’ confidence in the upcoming elections and their direct participants. Verification of the subscription lists (albeit very formal) contributed to the transparency of the electoral process and the creation of conditions for political competition.