The presented study is devoted to the issues of transforming the assets of complex knowledge-intensive industrial production in order to increase the efficiency of their use while simultaneously taking into account the interests of both owners (investors), management and direct participants in the production process. The object of the study is a shipbuilding shipyard, which has the specifics of organizing such production in the Russian Federation, i.e. combining the features of both specialization and cooperation and operating in conditions of a significant share of government orders in the current and future portfolios. The theory of control of production systems contains methods, methodologies and recommendations related primarily to stationary systems, the activity of which in conditions of perfect competition is described by equilibrium models. The main vector of scientific research of the authors of the article is the study of non-stationary processes, forecasting and methodology for managing the characteristics of shipbuilding production systems in various market conditions. Effective development of an enterprise is the general goal of microeconomic management. The article sets tasks to normalize the level of costs in shipbuilding, in particular during the construction of the lead ship, and to reduce costs taking into account a given level of risk, taking into account construction cycles. In order to further review and justify the implementation of innovative programs, the necessary and sufficient reform of the enterprise’s assets, which must precede the receipt of orders from government agencies. Elements of marginal analysis (CVP analysis) were used as a research method. It shows the impact of asset structure on important economic indicators, for example, the “break-even area” of the ship construction process. As a result, the authors introduce into scientific use the concept of “break-even area” and the area of “financial risks” as a function of changes in the construction cycle. An economic indicator is proposed that can be used to determine the economic feasibility of transferring the construction of a marine equipment facility to a specific enterprise and to justify programs for reforming the structure of the property complex. A methodological approach to solving the problem of managing innovative processes to change the cost structure at a shipbuilding enterprise is proposed in order to reduce the cost of construction and at the same time ensure an acceptable level of operational risk.

The article examines the marketplace market in Russia, highlighting its significance in the economy, the growth of digital commerce, as well as key market trends and challenges. The study aims to analyze current trends, competitiveness mechanisms, and forecast the industry’s development amid digital transformation. Its relevance is defined by the increasing share of marketplaces in the country’s GDP (3.8% in 2023), their impact on economic and consumer behavior transformation, and the ongoing development of legislation on the “platform economy”. The methodology includes analyzing open data, reports from analytical agencies (Rosstat, Data Insight), expert interviews, proprietary research, and observations. Eleven in-depth interviews with industry experts provided new insights into consumer behavior, the development of niche and universal marketplaces, particularly B2B, and the role of technologies, including artificial intelligence and Big Data, in personalization and pricing. The results indicate that Russian marketplaces will continue to strengthen their positions in both domestic and international markets (APAC, CIS, GСС). Key growth drivers will include the development of logistics and payment infrastructure, the integration of financial services like BNPL, support for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the adoption of analytical and advertising tools. Competition will focus on fractional market shares among major players, with regional and international expansion, innovation, banking, and logistics emerging as decisive factors. The share of marketplaces in GDP is expected to grow further, reaching 12–14 trillion rubles and 5.5–6% of Russia’s GDP by the end of 2025. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the strategic role of digital commerce in Russia’s economy, its contribution to export potential, and the digitization of the economy. Further research is recommended to explore the impact of government regulation and global economic trends on Russian platforms.

The article considers the problem of using the digital ruble of the Bank of Russia as a tool for improving the quality of control over the movement of public finances. The aim of this study is to theoretically substantiate the advantages and disadvantages of the digital ruble as an innovative tool for state control. Based on the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors on the topic of the study, materials of government bodies, international organizations, as well as a comparative analysis of the forms of the Russian national currency, the existing models of digital currencies are assessed, a retail two-tier model of digital currency, on which the digital ruble platform is based, is defined for the purposes of state audit and financial control, the possibilities and risks of using the digital ruble platform of the Bank of Russia for state audit are analyzed. The advantages and risks of introducing an innovative tool of state control are substantiated: the advantages of the digital ruble are defined by the technical features of the digital ruble, such as transparency of transactions and the ability to track each ruble in real time, a high degree of protection and the inability to make changes to completed transactions; the risks are associated with the instability of the digital ruble platform in cases of using third-party data storage, cyberattacks and obtaining unauthorized access to the platform. The results of the conducted study can be used to assess the readiness of the digital ruble platform before mass implementation.

The study is devoted to the topical issue of mechanisms for regulating the development of artificial intelligence. Growing competition in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) leads to unpredictable consequences: on the one hand, new players appear who use non-standard methods of developing AI systems and strategies for promoting them on the market, which are largely beneficial to consumers, and on the other hand, ambiguous ethical conflicts arise that lead to unfair competition, violation of intellectual property rights and a policy of companies’ secrecy. The emerging dilemmas are largely related to the unregulated nature of the AI sphere, the absence of universal legal norms, common moral standards, principles and rules, and finally, the dramatic struggle for dominance between states, their coalitions and ideologies. The article examines the pressing issues of “the race for priority and dominance” in the field of AI: trust, honesty, respect for different ideologies, human rights and sovereignty of states. Given the youth of the AI industry and the absence or inconsistency of many mechanisms of state, public and internal corporate control, researchers and practitioners can rely on ethical rules from other areas, such as pharmaceuticals. By systematically comparing the common characteristics and differences between the pharmaceutical and artificial intelligence industries, as well as on the basis of experience in regulating medicines, the paper formulates recommendations on the ethical and legal aspects of regulating AI.

There is a widespread stereotype that women are inferior to men in scientific activity, which is usually explained by the high workload in the administrative and pedagogical spheres, where the majority of women in higher education work, as well as with the double burden. This study assesses women’s contribution to science and its comparison with men’s contribution using the case of economics. The research is based on unique bibliometric data provided by the Russian Scientific Electronic Library and the Russian Index of Science Citation. Data on the publication activity and citation rate of authors, measured using the Hirsch index, demonstrate that the female contribution, measured using the average publication activity, is higher than the male one. The database contains more female publications in general, including publications extracted from the lists of cited literature, articles in popular science, information publications, non-journal publications (monographs, articles in collections, conference proceedings, dissertations, patents, etc.) and publications in which the given scientist participated as an editor, compiler, translator, etc., as well as other articles in journals and collections and in journals and also from RSCI, Web of Science and Scopus databases. The first year of publication of the author indicates that the Hirsch index and the core Hirsch index are higher for men due to publications of the 19th and first half of the 20th century, mainly foreign ones, whereas in the sample with only authors whose first year of publication was not earlier than 1970, the core Hirsch index is leveled out. Nevertheless, regression analysis indicates that the author’s gender remains an important characteristic for citation in journals from core collection

The paper analyzes the importance of the oil and gas production sector as a means of stimulating the internal potential of border territories. The subject of the study is detailed in the context of assessing the sphere of turnover of natural hydrocarbons and products based on them as a promising area of state regulation, including regional policy measures aimed at ensuring the socio-economic development of the domestic border area. The aim of the work is to form a theoretical concept summarizing the current trends in the development of the Russian oil and gas sector and allowing us to form comprehensive conclusions regarding the importance of this economy sector as a means of optimizing socio-economic processes in border regions. The factor actualizing the content of the problem under consideration is the unstable nature of the political and economic environment, which determines the need to find new approaches to analytical support for the implementation of state regional policy, which due to the political perturbations taking place acquires special importance in relation to border territories. The methodology used in the framework of the study is based on the use of statistical analysis tools to assess the quantitative characteristics of changes in the main socio-economic indicators, as well as a retrospective approach to determining the ratio of established trends and actual results of regional development. Based on the results of the analysis, a number of practice-oriented conclusions were made that actualize the role of the oil and gas sector as a strategically important component of the national economy system and an important component of regional production relations. The relevance of the features inherent in the sphere of coal products turnover to the current tasks implemented within the framework of the state policy to stimulate the development of border areas is noted. The sphere of regional strategic management can serve as a practical application of the obtained results. The conclusions formed based on the results of the work can be used as a basis for the formation of conceptual proposals concerning the optimal content of state policy in border regions, as well as the possibilities of their typologization in the context of potential prospects for the realization of industrial potential associated in particular with the extraction and processing of hydrocarbon products.

The article examines and systematizes the objectives and targets of the 12th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12), the achievement of which directly affects the activities of the waste management sector. A comprehensive analysis and dynamics of their achievements in different countries are presented. The activities and indicators of SDG 12 are implemented in Russia within the framework of the state program “Environmental Protection” and national projects. The possibility of integrating SDG 12 indicators into Russia’s programmatic and strategic documents, including national projects and government programs, to address socio-economic challenges and develop various sectors of the economy is explored. The calculation and analysis of SDG 12 indicators are based on the example of Russian data based on the application of formulas and methodology for their measurement. Assessment and monitoring of internal consumption of materials is important for optimizing production processes, determining environmental impacts, and controlling the use of material resources. The assessment of the food loss index and the food waste index are relevant for solving food security problems and tracking progress in reducing food losses. The research methods used in this article are statistical, economic analysis, a systematic approach, comparison, generalization, synthesis. Based on the results of the analysis, recommendations were formulated: introducing new measures into national projects aimed at developing sustainable development reporting practices as well as the following targets: material footprint, domestic consumption of materials; food loss index, food waste index. Practical significance of the work is defined by the fact that the obtained research results and the revealed patterns can be used for the development of federal projects, development strategies, and the choice of economic instruments.

At the final stage of the Crimean War, the Baltic region was considered the most probable theater of military operations in the strategic plans of the allied powers. This article examines F.F. von Berg’s note “On Possible Military Actions in the North in the Future Campaign of 1856” — one of the Russian military planning documents containing an analysis of a set of factors influencing the course of a potential 1856 campaign in the Baltic. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of objectivity of F.F. von Berg’s assessment of the foreign policy threats to the national security of the Russian Empire in the Baltic direction in 1855–1856. To achieve the aim of the work, the conclusions contained in Berg’s note were compared with the contents of other documents revealing the strategic plans of the allies in 1855–1856. Thus, the course of the work allows us to consider the documentary and historical-comparative methods the main ones used in this study. Based on the results of analyzing a set of other sources characterizing the interaction of key foreign policy players in the Baltic Sea region during that period, it was concluded that Berg did not determine accurately enough the balance of powers in the international arena. Nevertheless, this circumstance did not lead to catastrophic consequences for the defense of Russia’s northern borders, largely due to the measures taken by Berg and duly appreciated by the enemy.

Control is one of the most important functions of management activity both in the economic sphere and in public administration. The issue of public and state control is becoming especially relevant nowadays in connection with the need to improve the efficiency of government bodies. In the context of international tension and global socio-economic changes, the experience of studying public and state control, the functions of which were assigned to people’s control bodies in the 1960s–1980s, is also becoming important. Control activities are of particular importance during periods of active public administration reform, one of which the period of perestroika (1985–1991) can be considered. The aim of the article is to identify the stages of studying the institution of people’s control during perestroika and to provide their characteristics. To achieve this aim, the following methods were used: historical-chronological, which allows identifying characteristic stages, historical-comparative, which makes it possible to compare the identified stages, and historical-genetic, which enables to determine the current problems in the past of the people’s control institution. Based on the above methods, two stages in the study of people’s control were identified — Soviet and post-Soviet. Each of the stages was described. The literature of the Soviet period is practice-oriented, aimed at identifying current problems in the sphere of public control and developing practical recommendations. Post-Soviet historiography is mainly represented by the works of Russian legal scholars who conducted a constitutional and legal analysis of the people’s control institution. The key areas here were a general assessment of public control during the years of perestroika as well as the issue of continuity between the institutions of the past and the present.

The article describes the model of joint political leadership, understood as a process of interaction between several top officials between whom power is dispersed at the national or party level. It is noted that this is a relatively new object of political science research, which requires theoretical conceptualization to determine the possibilities and limitations of the implementation of this model as an alternative to individual leadership. The aim is to characterize the model of joint political leadership, to identify its strengths and weaknesses compared to individual political leadership, to determine the factors that influence its formation and sustainability. For its realization the reasons for the emergence of joint political leadership are determined, the criteria for its identification are highlighted, the institutional conditions at the national and party levels in which its realization is possible/difficult are defined, and the problem of its sustainability in the medium term is posed. Based on the generalization of modern theoretical approaches, the conclusion is made that joint political leadership, on the one hand, successfully solves the problems of personification and representativeness of power, and curbs populist incentives in the behavior of politicians. On the other hand, the functioning of this model requires not only a specific configuration of institutions in the state, but also a special personal motivation of politicians themselves, who understand the importance of distributed power for their career and are able to exercise leadership functions in tandem or team. It is emphasized that the basis of shared leadership on a national scale is the party system, which in case of its ineffectiveness in reflecting public demands, creates a social demand for individual leadership of populist nature.

The topic of family well-being is relevant in the science and practice of management. The relevance is determined by the needs of family and demographic policies in the face of new risks and the lack of discussion of family well-being as an object of effective management influence. The problem of the study lies in the insufficient analysis of the modern scientific foundations of managerial assistance to the well-being of the family. The aim of the article is to propose theoretical (ideal) models of family well-being and personal well-being in the family on the basis of a socio-managerial analysis of the main criteria and indicators of well-being to ensure such assistance. The research methods are based on integrative-complex, interdisciplinary approaches; involve a systematic analysis of the family as a social institution, a small social group, a social microenvironment of personality realization; an anthropocentric approach; analysis of official documents, materials of domestic and foreign studies. The research has shown that the well-being of the family includes material, moral, psychological, socio-political, demographic, legal, value and other objective and subjective indicators. They manifest themselves not only at the institutional, group, individual and personal levels of family interaction, which are inextricably linked, but also in situational and event dynamics. The adaptability and ability to self-preservation of the family in difficult situations are emphasized. The authors point out the importance of objective, socially significant indicators, but emphasize the dominance of subjective indicators, self-perception of the well-being of their family. The study also develops ideas about the possible satiation of goods, an excess of which, like a deficit, can negatively affect the well-being of the family; it indicates the need for personal, family and social efforts to ensure the well-being of the family. Special attention is paid to state support for the institution of the family through management measures, as well as self-management techniques in the family as a small group and taking into account the personal well-being of citizens. The presented views in the socio-managerial analysis of family well-being can be used for a further research in the field of public administration in the family sphere and for improving family government and corporate policy.

The present study touches upon one of the debatable problems in health economics — the labour productivity of medical staff. Despite the existing palette of opinions on approaches to its measurement, there is no doubt about the value of this method in assessing the efficiency of personnel performance in any sphere of activity. The medical industry in this sense is not an exception. The authors’ appeal to this area of scientific research is defined by the special attention of public authorities of all levels to the issue of increasing labour productivity in the economy of our country. Its solution involves the current assessment and monitoring of this indicator. Total transition to market relations of all sectors, including helping industries has only aggravated this problem. At the time of writing this study among domestic publications there is a shortage of works in which it is possible to find a reflection of long-term dynamics and forecast of labour productivity of medical personnel of domestic health care. The aim of the study is to analyze the dynamics and forecast labour productivity of medical staff in Russian healthcare. To make a 5-year forecast, the authors applied the method of time series analysis and cross-platform econometric analysis software Gretl. As a result of the present study, it is proved that from 2011 to 2022 the productivity of doctors decreased by 3.7% or in absolute terms by 74 (number of visits per 1 doctor), the number of doctors increased insignificantly by 0.3% (2216 people), and the attendance of medical organizations decreased by 2.1% (31821.2 people). On average, physician productivity decreased by 0.3% each year, the number of physicians increased by 0.1% each year, and attendance decreased by 0.2%. A significant decline was observed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The 5-year forecast of this indicator obtained in this study illustrates a possible positive trend of this indicator, symbolizing the restoration of stable operation of health care facilities after the difficult period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

In modern conditions of changing the balance of power in the global educational space, with the continued dominance of Western universities, the tendency to move the centers to the East is becoming more and more relevant. At the same time, the role of Russian and Chinese universities as new educational poles is increasing. The article is devoted to the study of challenges that hinder successful practices in the implementation of internationalization strategies by Russian and Chinese universities (reputational losses of Chinese and Russian universities in the global arena due to geopolitical circumstances, contradictions of extensive internationalization and technological blockades in the form of exclusion of Russian and Chinese universities and researchers from Western technologies and equipment). The paper summarizes and characterizes the changes in the strategic documents of the Russian Federation and the PRC (focusing on technological national sovereignty, training personnel for national and regional needs, and introducing educational innovations) in the field of higher education based on existing contradictions and the distribution of influence in the global educational architecture. The authors propose a number of recommendations on ways to solve current problems in the form of further adjustments to the strategic orientations and priorities of the Russian and Chinese educational systems towards more active implementation of innovative information technologies, intensification of efforts, including joint ones, to promote the Russian Federation and China as new global educational centers, and the development of a common scientific and educational Russian-Chinese space based on Russian and Chinese languages and joint training of specialists. In general, the article argues for the need to switch to an intensification model of internationalization instead of the extensive one used.

The aim of the article is to identify and characterize the mechanism for managing depressed territories as specific objects of state strategic planning that have the potential to become drivers of regional policy. This study, based on the analysis of decisions containing measures for balanced territorial development at the federal, regional and local government levels, substantiates the need to include the “depressed territories” category in strategic planning documents for the implementation of targeted and effective state policy. The term “depressivity” is considered in relation to the concepts of “crisis”, “vulnerable”, “backward” and “problem” territory. It is emphasized that for depressed territories, the priority is to identify key factors and adequately build strategic development plans. The article presents the author’s methodology for identifying depressed territories as objects of strategic planning. Within the framework of this methodology, a grouping of key indicators is substantiated that allow ranking and forming a rating of regions as depressed territories of the country. The Pskov region is given as an example. An assessment is given of the measures taken in this region to improve the socio-economic situation. It has been established that these measures are fragmentary and disjointed. The situation can be improved by normative recognition of the Pskov region as a depressed territory and the use of a strategic planning system as a management mechanism specially adapted to the factors of depression. The article describes some strategic planning tools, the systematic application of which can contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the policy of recovery of depressed territories. An example is individual regional development programs.

Modern geopolitical and economic conditions and environment are characterized by extreme tension and uncertainty, and therefore solving the problems of developing the country’s economy, regions, and businesses requires new concepts, methods, approaches, mechanisms, and tools for building relationships at all levels of the system. Currently, there is an inconsistency in the strategic planning documents of the state authorities of the Russian Federation subjects and state corporations, as well as the lack of a legislative definition of individual mechanisms of interaction. In this regard, the relevance of the study is defined by highlighting mechanisms of interaction between state corporations and the subjects of the Russian Federation and is associated with the identification of this type of interaction to ensure national security, strengthen technological cooperation. and the economic sovereignty of the Russian Federation and the development of market relations. The aim of the study is to identify the instruments of interaction between state corporations and the subjects of the Russian Federation. The purpose is to determine the essence and levels of interaction between state corporations and subjects of the Russian Federation, to identify the role of the state corporation in solving socio-economic problems in the regions of its presence. The methodology is based on systematic, complex and logical approaches to the problem, methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction and concretization, contributing to the building of classification features for determining the tools of interaction, comparative and structural analysis of research materials. The scientific basis is represented by a set of modern developments in the form of scientific concepts and opinions of scientists. The empirical base covers information about state corporations and the legislation of the Russian Federation. Tools for interaction between government corporations with the subjects of the Russian Federation are understood as methods, techniques and means of coordinating, structuring and developing strategic partnerships between residents, connecting, integrating and matrix techniques to overcome disagreements and stresses, minimize violations and deviations, and consolidate efforts. The instruments of interaction between the region and state corporations include legal, organizational and modernization, institutional, motivational, infrastructural, innovative, technological, investment, tax, social, personnel (intellectual), information instruments. The forms of positive influence of state corporations on the socio-economic development of the region include financial, social, organizational, technical, technological, economic, and environmental. In the interaction of state corporations and the region, the latter gets benefits by investment interest, the expansion of tax deductions, the creation of high-performance jobs, the introduction of modern technologies, and the building of rational and growing social support for the population. As a conclusion, it is stated that in new conditions, the role of state corporations is increasing in order to solve the tasks of national security, protection, and strengthening of technological and economic sovereignty, the development of regions and the improvement of the standard of living of the population. The choice of interaction tools is specific to each region and government corporations. In the context of international turbulence and sanctions pressure from unfriendly countries (from 21.02.2022 to 23.01.2025, more than 18 thousand sanctions were adopted), state corporations make a significant contribution to ensuring national protection and sovereignty, using a set of interaction tools, and actively implement projects and investment programs at the regional level, building relationships with the state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation.