In the context of global changes, such as pandemics, economic crises and technological transformations, when traditional methods of management and delivery of medical care often lead to a decrease in the quality of service and an increase in the workload of personnel, the issue of improving the processes of the healthcare industry becomes especially acute. One of the key tasks therefore is to increase labour productivity in healthcare. The aim of the article is to conduct a technological search, consider the main trends in the digitalization of healthcare and their impact on increasing the productivity of medical workers and improving the quality of patient treatment. The methodological basis of the study is the theory of strategy and the methodology of strategizing by academician Vladimir L. Kvint. As a result, data on end-to-end digital technologies used in medicine were systematized and their impact on various aspects of healthcare was analyzed to compile a comprehensive picture of the current state and prospects for using innovations. Digital transformation is considered not so much as a process of comprehensive modernization, but as a change in management thinking, as well as traditional mental skills of all economic agents in the healthcare industry. It is shown that digital transformation will not only ensure a significant increase in labour productivity, but also make the most of the accumulated experience and information to ensure a new quality of medical care for wide sections of the population, and develop sound priority strategic and operational management decisions. The article is the first in the planned cycle aimed at studying issues of increasing labour productivity in healthcare, in particular, the authors propose to identify and substantiate statistically significant factors, the management of which will allow consciously operating with scarce resources to ensure advanced digital development of regional healthcare systems.

The article examines the relationship between trust in generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) as a specific type of technology and trust in institutions, as well as methods capable of uncovering the deeper causes of these interconnections. The relevance of the topic is determined by the growing autonomy of technologies, which increases their integration into social relations and complicates the distribution of responsibility among actors involved in the creation, development, and operation of technology. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the level of trust in GenAI technologies and the ways they are used can serve as an indicator of institutional trust and reflect a broader social context. Methodologically, the paper relies on a theoretical and analytical approach: it includes a review of classical and contemporary works in the fields of institutional trust, sociology of technology, and trust in artificial intelligence. Special attention is paid to comparing classical sociological concepts with modern empirical research and analyzing existing contradictions in empirical data. The paper describes the mutual influence between institutional and technological trust: in conditions of low institutional trust, technologies often substitute for institutions, serving as their functional analogues, whereas a high level of institutional trust, conversely, strengthens trust in technologies introduced by those institutions. The study identifies methodological challenges in defining trust in GenAI and characterizes their implications. The results show that trust in GenAI cannot be reduced to technical criteria of reliability and explainability due to the social nature of trust and its cultural and institutional foundations. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for qualitative interpretative methods — narrative, phenomenological, and ethnographic analysis — to uncover the mechanisms of trust formation and redistribution between institutions and technologies. These approaches make it possible to reveal the sociocultural foundations of trust and outline perspectives for further interdisciplinary research.

This paper describes the practical implementation of measuring the AI maturity index using the example of federal executive authorities of the Russian Federation. The key barriers to the practical implementation of the assessment are identified, as well as the methods used by the author to solve them. During the testing of the methodology, three enlarged groups of barriers were identified using the example of the public sector: organizational and communication, methodological, and technical. It is important to note that the recommendations formulated in the article aimed at overcoming the identified barriers are universal and can be adapted to assess the digital maturity of organizations in any field. The experience of the analysis helps employees conduct such measurements to anticipate barriers in advance and take advantage of appropriate solutions. This approach ensures transparency, accuracy and scalability of the procedure, which is important for organizations of any type in the context of digital transformation. Also, aspects of this work can be used in the development of public policy in the field of AI implementation, as well as in the formation of recommendations for increasing the digital maturity of government authorities.

This article is devoted to the development of an integrative model of housing policy and the substantiation of its structural components. In the context of increasing interregional socio-economic and infrastructure disparities, housing policy gains new significance — not only as a tool of social support but also as a mechanism for spatial development, stimulating investment activity, and improving the quality of the population life. The research applies methods of systemic and comparative analysis, which made it possible to identify the limitations and contradictions of the current housing policy across different regional types. Elements of structural-functional modeling are used to construct an integrative housing policy model that takes into account socio-economic and infrastructural differentiation between regions. The analysis of existing approaches reveals that the lack of systematic coordination between government levels, weak adaptation of programs to regional specifics, and infrastructure limitations significantly reduce the effectiveness of current measures. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the paper proposes an integrative housing policy model that incorporates the principles of regional differentiation, complexity, digitalization, flexibility, and civic participation. The model consists of two key components — infrastructure and socio-economic blocks, which enable the consideration of regional priorities and constraints. Special attention is given to strategic approaches tailored to different types of territories: for agglomerations, emphasis is placed on the development of rental housing and infrastructure through public-private partnerships; for northern and remote areas, on integrated renovation coupled with socio-economic revitalization programs. The proposed approach ensures the coherence of housing policy and enables its use as an effective mechanism for reducing spatial inequality and promoting sustainable development of Russian regions.

The article examines the relationship between personnel motivational expectations and the employer value proposition (EVP) structure. Among the motivational expectations, different types of motivational expectations were considered: high salary, convenience of work, flexible schedule, benefits and bonuses, satisfaction with the profession, a sense of the importance of work, professional growth and development. The question is raised about how the type of motivational expectations influences the structure of the employer value proposition. The hypothesis was tested by means of a questionnaire survey of line personnel, semi-structured interviews with HR department employees and middle and senior managers. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that motivational expectations can be divided into four groups depending on the type of reference: motivational expectations with external reference, motivational expectations with internal reference, motivational expectations with mixed reference and with uncertain reference. The analysis of the research results allowed us to obtain correlation dependencies: in younger age groups of respondents, a greater proportion of motivational expectations with an external reference have a greater share, while in older age groups — motivational expectations with an internal reference, and in the middle-aged group — motivational expectations with a mixed reference; in companies where the share of young personnel is more than a third of the total number of personnel, the EVP structure shifts towards such benefits as flexible work schedule, hybrid schedule, training and development programs, KPI of labour results; in companies with a share of more than a third of the total number of personnel aged 35+, the EVP structure emphasizes a stable work schedule, career growth, developmental feedback. As a result of the conducted research, it is concluded that the specifics of the employer’s value proposition are directly influenced by the prevailing type of motivational expectations of personnel, which is determined by the structure of the personnel.

The article analyzes the results of a study of the semantic determinants of civil servants’ representations of a modern Russian leader. The relevance of the research is determined, on the one hand, by the function of social representations of the modern Russian leader in mediating managerial and organizational interactions, and, on the other hand, by the significant influence of semantic determinants on the formation of images of the leader in the minds of all participants in these interactions, which are value-based including career orientations. The diagnostic tools used were the methods of career anchors by E. Shein, adapted by V.A. Chiker and V.E. Vinokurova, and the author’s questionnaire to study ideas about the psychological characteristics of modern Russian leaders. A comparative analysis of the factor structure of the ideas about the leader was carried out in the subgroups identified depending on the level of severity of orientations towards service, management, challenge and entrepreneurship. It is established that the similarity in the content and structure of the research participants’ ideas about the modern Russian leader is related to their belonging to the same professional group and the similarity of experience in managerial and organizational interactions, and the differences are determined, on the one hand, by the level of expression of a particular career orientation, and on the other hand, by the personal importance of service, management, challenge and entrepreneurship for the study participants. It is revealed that the differences in the content and structure of the highlighted images of a modern Russian leader are defined by the predominance of respondents’ focus on the value of service, management, challenge or entrepreneurship. It is shown that some personal and activity characteristics are interpreted as significant for a leader in the aspect of several career orientations at once, while others are realized in relation to one or another career orientation as invariant.

The aim of this work is to assess the degree of integration of entrepreneurial culture (EC) into the university environment in the context of the transformation of an entrepreneurial university and the formation of innovative ecosystems in Russian universities. In the course of the study, along with general scientific methods, the sociological method of questioning, factor analysis, and statistical methods were used to analyze the entrepreneurial culture in the university ecosystem and identify Factors influencing the entrepreneurial activity of respondents. Based on the analysis of existing work, a survey of 170 students and 132 employees (researchers, teachers, heads of departments) of ITMO University was developed and conducted in 2024, which made it possible to identify the manifestations and assess the degree of EC integration into the ecosystem. The level of interest in entrepreneurship activity (EA) is high (70% of students and 62,12% of staff have experience or are interested in EA), however, a paradox has been identified related to students’ willingness to EA with a lack of understanding of key success factors (innovation, management quality, consulting support). This may indicate that the university’s EC is not mature enough. A gap has been identified between the transition from the intention of employees and students to EA to action (41% of students and 24% of employees do not take steps to implement startups). Despite the presence of a well-developed innovation infrastructure in ITMO, the majority of students interested in entrepreneurship (56.6%) and some employees (13%) do not use it. Significant differences in motivation for EA and activity between students and staff have been identified, for example, students are more willing to take risks, and employees with more knowledge and experience are much more cautious. The analysis of the university ecosystem according to B. Clark’s model, using the logic of the EC tetrahedron model, made it possible to identify key gaps and bottlenecks in the development of the university ECs and propose mechanisms to promote the development of ECs in higher education institutions using the example of ITMO University. The following mechanisms are proposed: a mechanism for reducing resource barriers, a mechanism for reducing barriers to lack of knowledge, a mechanism for minimizing operational and administrative transaction costs, a mechanism for stimulating, motivating and supporting entrepreneurial initiatives, a mechanism for legitimizing risk and psychological support for EA. The results obtained can be used for the development of EC in universities.

The relevance of this study lies in the fact that tourism in Russia is one of the most dynamically developing sectors of the economy. However, the development of mass tourism entails a number of threats to territorial development, including negative impacts on the environment and ecological systems; increased social tension and conflicts between tourists and local communities; and deterioration in the quality of life and well-being of the local population. Therefore, it is essential to promote a sustainable tourism development model: the “rules of the game” must be defined, and appropriate guidelines, directives, development and promotion strategies must be developed. These guidelines facilitate collective and individual decisions regarding tourism activity and influence not only the short-term but also the long-term development of tourism, as well as social and environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to identify the factors limiting the development of sustainable tourism in Russia and to develop measures aimed at minimizing the impact of these factors. To achieve this aim, the following objectives were formulated and consistently addressed: the essential characteristics of the sustainable tourism concept were clarified, key principles of sustainable tourism were identified and summarized, and the mechanism of its influence on territorial development was revealed; the factors hindering the transformation of mass tourism practices towards sustainable models in Russia were identified, analyzed, and classified; recommendations aimed at overcoming the identified limitations and stimulating the development of sustainable tourism at the national and regional levels were developed and substantiated. To ensure a full-scale transition from mass tourism to sustainable tourism, it is necessary to update the legislative framework, which will determine the vector of movement for each participant in the tourism sector towards sustainable development. It is necessary to more clearly define the concept of sustainable tourism at the legislative level and formulate its main principles, as well as more clearly formulate national sustainable tourism standards for destinations, accommodation facilities, travel agencies, and other participants in the tourism market.

The article examines the legislative acts of the Kaluga and Vladimir regions on local self-government, adopted in the period from 1993 to 2003. The examination of such experience seems to be especially practicable regarding continuation of the process of reforming the system of local self-government in the Russian Federation, since the study of the formation of the foundations of local self-government in the subjects of the Russian Federation makes it possible to identify the problems and prospects of a similar process in the current conditions, particularly after the adoption of the new Federal Law No. 33-FZ. Federal Law No. 154-FZ acts adopted by Kaluga and Vladimir regional soviets, basic laws of these regions on local self-government are also considered. Regional laws are also considered in the context of compliance with the mentioned Federal Law No. 154-FZ. Comments are given on the possible reasons for the formation of local self-government related to the interaction of regional and local elites, compliance with certain democratic standards and the degree of legitimacy of local governments, the order of formation of which was determined by the regulatory legal acts of the Kaluga and Vladimir regions. Regional legislation on the issues of local self-government, adopted in the Kaluga and Vladimir regions from 01.01.1994 to 06.10.2003 is analysed. Based on this analysis and the comparison of regional laws, conclusions are drawn about the approaches used by regional legislators to form the regulatory framework in the 1990s.

The article deals with issues of national management in the sphere of physical education and sports (PES), on the example of the USA and China — the leaders in sports achievements in the last decade. Mainly unique, dissimilar and at the same time effective systems of PES management in these countries are relevant as an object of a study in order to master successful management experience. The aim of the study is to identify the features of PES management experience on the example of the USA and China. The main research method is a substantive analysis of scientific works, regulatory documentation and factual material (content analysis of media publications) on the article’s topic. The article defines the national PES management models in the USA and China, both in terms of management methods content and power centralization level. Features of the PES sphere organization are outlined, taking into account its division into mass sports, high-performance sports and professional sports. Systems of sportsmen multi-stage training in both countries are presented, starting from the school-student stage and up to Olympic reserve creation. Management of high-performance sports, including the national Olympic ommitees’ work, is under a special attention because of their importance for both the USA and China fighting for leadership in the world sports. Some issues such as coordination efforts of different organizations and levels of management, financing of PES, development of mass sports and other PES aspects, reflecting the both countries specifics, are also touched upon. The study notes that the most important factor determining the PES policy features is the level of management centralization. At the same time, despite the identified differences in the PES management systems of the USA and China, both systems have some similar features that promote great sports achievement in both countries.

The study is devoted to examining the role of a “manual” control in the design and implementation of radical market reforms. A review of the scholarly literature has demonstrated the relevance and promise of investigating the special governance modes within the system of public administration. It has been shown that prevailing views of B.N. Yeltsin’s role in shaping the socio‑economic policy of the RSFSR Government during the period under study are incomplete, reducing his contribution to mere public political support for the reformist economists. The primary sources for this research include legal and administrative documents, memoirs, and contemporary media reports. An inductive method was used to summarize the research results. The RSFSR President’s influence on determining the government’s operational parameters is considered in two dimensions: organizational and facilitative. The organizational dimension involved maximizing the speed of decision‑making. Yeltsin took steps to overcome entrenched intra‑ and interdepartmental coordination practices, introduced additional reporting on current issues, and curtailed debate during government sessions. This approach reduced the drafting period for foundational reform documents to just a few weeks. The facilitative dimension involved invoking extraordinary presidential powers and advancing government bills through the RSFSR Supreme Council. Presidential decrees intended to establish the legal framework for market relations were reviewed and amended directly in government meetings and often came into force without parliamentary approval. Members of the presidential administration — and Yeltsin himself — played a leading role in lobbying for the reform’s key measures and were responsible for managing the information flow about the reforms in state media. Although the President generally granted the government’s economic team considerable autonomy, he intervened in decisions falling within his specialized remit: issues with significant foreign or domestic political implications and the military‑strategic aspects of socio‑economic policy. As a result, the reformist economists were forced to adjust their own plans, leading to distortions in the reform program. Synthesizing the findings of this study has allowed us to delineate the limits of situational adequacy for a “manual” governance mode during reform processes: namely, the presence of tight time constraints and institutional barriers. The risks inherent in this model include societal fragmentation, a narrowing of the political maneuvering space, and a proliferation of unpredictable consequences stemming from voluntaristic decisions.

The shortage of labour is one of the most acute problems faced by small and medium-sized industrial enterprises in a dynamically changing external environment and economic instability. Due to the limited scope of activities, it is difficult for small and mediumsized enterprises to compete with large enterprises both in terms of wages and working conditions. The situation is aggravated by the growing number of government defense orders, which are the reason for the outflow of personnel from small and medium-sized enterprises. The lack of highly qualified and specialized employees has a negative impact on productivity, costs, growth opportunities and business competitiveness. The article analyzes the causes of the labour shortage and its impact on the activities of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises, examines the ways to attract employees with the necessary competencies, including through interaction with educational institutions, highlights the possibilities of increasing the loyalty of the existing staff. The paper shows that the problem of personnel shortage in small and medium-sized industrial enterprises is facilitated by the diversification of recruitment tools, using the modern labour management technologies and improving the efficiency of HR management through the development of a quality control system and process documentation. Attention is also paid to ways of increasing the current employees’ loyalty based on the use of flexible work arrangements and social benefits. The results of the research can be used in the strategic planning of personnel recruitment and retention by small and medium-sized industrial enterprises.

The Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1666, expires at the end of 2025. A long period of time has passed since the approval — almost 13 years. Many changes have taken place in the domestic and foreign policy of the state, in the legislation of the Russian Federation, and changes in the state national policy of the Russian Federation are overdue, which are expected to be reflected in the Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the new period. The article analyzes the changes in the provisions of the state national policy reflected in the 1996 Concept of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation, the Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, and the draft Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2036. The evolution of the goals and objectives of the strategic document and its conceptual framework is described; the problems are identified in the draft document, which are caused by the emergence of new challenges and threats to the national security of the Russian Federation. The shortcomings in the text of the draft Strategy for the period up to 2036, related to the description of the tools for implementing the state national policy of the Russian Federation and the ways to achieve the target indicators, are considered. The issues related to the approaches to solving the state national policy of the Russian Federation, including the interaction between public authorities and civil society institutions, and the strengthening of the regional component of the implementation of the state national policy, are questioned. It is concluded that the issues raised in the article are related to the need to finalize the draft Strategy of the State National Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2036 and will be proposed for discussion in the scientific community.

The growing relevance of sustainable development goals and the integration of ESG principles into regional agendas necessitate a shift away from uniform strategic models in favor of typology-based approaches to spatial governance that account for institutional specificity, infrastructural development, and resource endowment. Given the high heterogeneity of Russia’s socio-economic space, there is a pressing need to develop tools for differentiated assessment of regional sustainability and the construction of targeted ESG integration trajectories. This study presents an original matrix-based approach to typologizing regional sustainability through the conceptual integration of two composite indices: Institutional Readiness Index for Sustainability (IRIS), which reflects the degree of institutional maturity, and Spatial Sustainability Development Index (SSDI), which measures the spatial resilience of socioeconomic systems. The IRIS×SSDI matrix enables the identification of five strategic ESG transition models: sustainability scaling, spatial rehabilitation, institutional enhancement, integrated stabilization, and institutional-spatial recovery. Each model represents a distinct combination of institutional and spatial potential and serves as the basis for designing tailored architectures of sustainability governance. The proposed approach was empirically tested on the regions of the Central Federal District (excluding Moscow and the Moscow Region due to their statistical incommensurability stemming from significant institutional and resource advantages). The results demonstrate a broad spectrum of regional sustainability configurations — from institutionally and spatially advanced regions with the capacity to scale ESG practices to structurally vulnerable territories requiring standardized interventions and federal support. The findings confirm the analytical robustness of the IRIS×SSDI matrix and its applicability for regional strategizing, spatial planning, digital ESG profiling, monitoring, and scenario-based modeling of sustainable development. The developed typology can serve as a scientifically grounded instrument for ESG stratification at macro- and meso-administrative levels.

The increase in greenhouse gas emissions has become one of the main causes of global warming, prompting a transition toward a low-carbon economic model. In the context of this transformation, carbon disclosure has gained strategic importance, serving as a key instrument in combating climate change. China, in actively promoting the concept of green development, encourages enterprises to enhance their level of environmental transparency. This study is based on data from Chinese companies in highly polluting industries listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges (A-shares) during the period from 2015 to 2020. The aim of the research is to empirically assess the impact of carbon disclosure on corporate financial performance, as well as to examine the mediating role of carbon performance in this relationship. The analysis results show that carbon disclosure has a positive impact on firms’ market performance. Moreover, carbon performance partially mediates this effect, confirming the existence of indirect influence channels through environmental indicators. These findings are of high practical relevance and can serve as a foundation for developing corporate sustainability strategies, optimizing carbon management systems, and improving mechanisms for corporate environmental information disclosure.