The article is devoted to the analysis of Special Military Operation impact on the transformation of the modern world order. It is noted that over the past year and a half, tectonic changes have taken place in international and Russian politics. The current geopolitical crisis is based on the aspiration of the United States of America to maintain its global dominance in conditions when its economic, political and moral positions have noticeably weakened amid the rise of new centers of power. Washington has embarked on a tough confrontation with states capable of challenging American hegemony, primarily with Russia and China. For Moscow, the growing confrontation with the West, led by the United States, took the form of an indirect war with the NATO on the territory of Ukraine. The study separately examines the causes and consequences of Western sanctions, during which the real economy of Russia and the largely virtual economy of unfriendly countries and territories collided, while the futility of attempts at such illegal sanctions pressure is noted. The analysis also examines the nature of the reaction of the modern world leading centers — the United States, European powers, China, India, Muslim states, African and Latin American countries to the Ukrainian crisis.

   The author comes to the conclusion that Special Military Operation has become a struggle for the creation of a new, more just and truly multipolar world, during which the overwhelming majority of humanity refused to support the aggressive anti-Russian policy of the collective West.

   It is indicated that the main geopolitical change caused by the Special Military Operation was the end of the period of total dominance of the United States and its allies in world politics and the de facto onset of multipolarity.

   Russia has confirmed the status of not only a key regional, but also a global power.

   The article discusses the features of the service sector digital transformation in modern conditions.

   The relevance of this issue is defined by the importance of using digital technologies for developing the service sector in ensuring an increase in the level and quality of life of the population.

   The aim of the study is to analyze the process of service sector digital transformation and show the directions of its further development.

   The study uses data from official statistics, sample observations, expert assessments, grouping methods, and comparative analysis.

   The novelty of the article lies in the fact that the influence of inequality in the levels of digital transformation of regions is shown as an obstacle to achieving their digital sovereignty; the trend complementing the digital transformation of the service sector is the servicization of the manufacturing sector that creates its own service services; differentiation of the levels of individual digital technologies application in the leading sectors of the service sector hinders the development of the digital economy as a whole; the transformation of relationships between economic entities leads to the development of partnerships, the emergence of relational services, the formation of new business models, such as ecosystems, marketplaces; in relations with consumers, digital transformation directly affects the improvement of the quality of service.

   Particular attention is paid to the development of forms of support for the digital transformation of companies in the service sector in the form of preferences for the acquisition of domestic software, grants, subsidies, consulting, the use of ratings for searching and selecting technology companies for their subsequent participation in priority projects.

   The article substantiates recommendations for further activation of the digital transformation process through the development of criteria for technology companies in the service sector and their corresponding forms of financial, credit, consulting, training and other support; preferences in the transition to domestic software within the framework of state targeted projects; stimulating ratings for the search and selection of the most technologically advanced companies as tools for the dissemination of successful practices; in relation to small and medium-sized businesses, it is suggested to use the concept of “small technology company” to strengthen support measures at the regional and local levels.

   Since 2021 there is a special legal regime in the Russian Federation used for stimulating investment activity — special investment contract of the second edition (SPIC 2.0).

   This instrument of industrial and investment policy has a number of distinctions from its initial version, and the main one is its technology implementation focus.

   Under the current political and economic conditions development of the own technological base and based on that industrial production is critically necessary for strengthening the economic sovereignty.

   The aim of the research is to study the experience of using SPIC 2.0 from the moment of launch to the present to achieve the objectives of the state.

   The study was based on data from the State industrial information system, in particular the data of the public registry of special investment contracts and public registry of competitive selection. The following methods were used: statistical, logical analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization. Since 2021 till July 2023 there were 27 special investment contracts signed according to the model of SPIC 2.0 which provides serial production of industrial goods on the basis of the technologies which in accordance with the established procedure are considered modern for special investment contract purposes. As a part of the signed SPIC 2.0 it is planned to develop 26 technologies out of approximately 770 included in the special government list; the total volume of investment obligations of the private party amounted to 736,7 billion rubles. These results give grounds for recognizing the use of the potential of the SPIC 2.0 tool as insufficient for solving the tasks of industrial and investment policy and recommend intensifying work of authorized bodies in holding competitions for the development of modern technologies within the framework of SPIC 2.0.

   The article scientifically substantiates the practical significance of the state policy aimed at import advance in the Russian oil and gas industry, need for improving the subsurface use of the Arctic and continental shelf of Russia is shown.

   Improving the state regulation of the Arctic region is a key task of reforming the public administration of the Russian economy.

   The issues of macroeconomic regulation of intra-country objects of planetary significance in the context of the evolution of formation and development of state regulation mechanism for the oil and gas complex are investigated.

   The object of the research is considered from the system-functional approach standpoint.

   The issues of digital transformation of oil and gas enterprises, adjustments to the used methodological tools in the context of geopolitical changes and the ongoing energy transition are analyzed. The fundamental provisions of improving the methodology of state regulation of the oil and gas complex, ensuring the sustainable development of the Russian economy are highlighted. The developed concept of import advance of the oil and gas complex is one of the strategic priorities for the development of the Russian economy, affects the issues of subsurface use of the Arctic and continental shelf, the formation of the Siberian and Far Eastern oil and gas centers.

   Special emphasis is placed on the expansion of cooperative relations, the formation of a regulatory environment, the development of technological and institutional platforms.

   The practical implementation of its directions is connected with the division into scenarios of the global economic and energy situation, flexibility in managing the resource and raw material base.

   In the context of increased sanctions pressure, the need for a qualitative change in the ongoing oil and gas policy with an emphasis on the integrated technological development of industrial production is growing. Its adaptation to changes in the foreign economic situation ensures the stability of the economic system, allows us to achieve breakthrough growth rates.

   The article analyzes the works of modern domestic researches of the Russian agricultural school formation. The specifics of historiography at the present stays are determined on the basis of the historical system method with the use of a concrete historical approach. Two main direction of scientific thought have been identified. The lower agricultural school as a tool for the transformation of the Russian village is presented in the studies of scientists of the southern Russian chernozem regions (M.D. Kniga, A.V. Tretiakov). In addition, the issues of the dissemination of agricultural education are considered from the standpoint of the study of women’s education (L.A. Bessmertnaya) and extracurricular forms of teaching. Extracurricular forms of dissemination of agricultural knowledge include research on the formation of experimental farming. Comprehensive investigation of the stages of the formation of the case was conducted by E.U. Elina. As a system of education institutions the Russian agricultural school was considered by scientists within the framework of regional studies (Y.V. Chudnocets) and at the all-Russian level (P.V. Vasiliev, N.A. Pichuzhkin). The second major area of research is the activity of public agricultural organizations and the definitions of the role of public initiative in the formation of the agricultural education system. The largest studies of the activities of the Moscow Society of agriculture were the works by S.A. Kozlov and A.A. Kurenyshev aimed, among other things, at identifying the contribution of the Society to the formation of the Russian agronomic scientific school. In addition, scientists have made attempts to analyze the role of public initiative in the issue of developing a strategy for the development of agricultural education. N.V. Panina analyzed the role of congresses of figures on the development of vocational education. V.N. Plaxin, as a part of comprehensive study of the agricultural education formation in the Chernozem region, investigated the importance of the Institute of Zemstvo agronomy in improving the agriculture of the region.

   The article shows that the reform, carried out in the structure of the officer corps of the Italian Armed Forces in the mid-1950^s, was a response to a number of interconnected organizational, personnel and socio-economic problems that the Italian Armed Forces had to face in the first post-war decade. Special attention is paid to the foreign policy factor, which became the catalyst for the reform, in particular, to the new objectives faced by the Italian army during the period under review in connection with the beginning of confrontation between two blocs in Europe and the country’s entry into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

   As an important aspect related to the main issue the author also analyzes the activities of general and senator Raffaele Cadorna Jr., one of the most famous Italian military leaders, who after retiring worked as a member of the IV Commission of the Italian Senate (Defence) and became the compiler of the main provisions of the bills № 56 (“Regulations on officer service in the Army, Navy and Air Force”) and № 298 (“Promotion of officers in the Army, Navy and Air Force”), which formed the basis for the reform studied in the article.

   In order to be as objective and impartial as possible showing the personal contribution of the general to the practical implementation of the proposed innovations, the author, based on official parliamentary documentation, analyzes the circumstances of the entry into force of these bills, paying particular attention to the main amendments made by other senators to the initial project of the reform proposed by Cadorna.

   The most common approaches to assessing the development of regions include socio-economic, investment and resource analysis. Less attention is paid to assessing the spatial structure and spatial organization of territories.

   The study of existing approaches to the analysis of the regions’ spatial development has shown that they focus on determining the level of the spatial structure (organization) development, rather than identifying the factors influencing the development of the region’s space.

   This fact determined the goal to develop an approach for assessing spatial development as a process, and not as a state. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the spatial development of the Volga regions in the medium and long term with the identification of adverse factors. The study was based on a content analysis of scientific literature, a comparative analysis of various approaches devoted to the spatial development of territories, an analysis of a set of statistical indicators of Russian regions that characterize their state. The result of the analysis is the proposed approach to assessing the spatial development of the region as a process, assessing the spatial development of thirteen Volga regions and identifying the factors that negatively affected the spatial development of the selected subjects of the Russian Federation.

   The unbalanced development of the Russian Federation territory and regional development imbalances bring the problems of spatial development of cross-border regions to a new level. Inattention to these issues generates spontaneous spatial development.

   The aim of the article is to analyze the current topical problems of spatial development of cross-border regions.

   The reliability of the results is based on the methods of theoretical analysis of scientific literature presented by publications of domestic and foreign researchers. Comparative analysis allowed us to determine the features of the spatial development of individual foreign cross-border regions. As a result, the essence of “cross-border region” concept is clarified, its features are defined, allowing it to be characterized as a model of socio-economic and institutional space and an object of spatial development.

   The high role of stable ties and relations, both formal and non-formal, forming the space of a cross-border region and stimulating its spatial development is emphasized.

   Such interactions are not always covered by the regulatory regime. It is emphasized that the institutional space and supporting institutions of neighboring states are of particular importance for the functioning of a cross-border region. It was found out that due to new technologies, forms of cross-border interaction have undergone evolution and diversification. The methods of studying the spatial development of a transboundary region are systematized as well as certain patterns of spatial development of cross-border regions are determined based on the analysis of examples. The position that the development of cross-border regions is contradictory is substantiated. The actual problems of spatial development of cross-border regions (conceptual, theoretical, applied) are analyzed on the examples of Russian reality.

   The research allows concluding that the leading principles of studying spatial development are complex and differentiated approaches.

   The analysis shows that the studied problem is distinguished by a significant number of opinions about the subject of the study, which complicates the understanding of the patterns of spatial development of cross-border regions, approaches to their study. The authors associate the prospects for further research with the search for catalysts for spatial development of territories.

   The subject of this article is the problems of organization of implementation monitoring and control of regional strategies of socio-economic development in the Russian Federation.

   The actual state of the monitoring and control organization was determined based on the materials of 83 regional strategies. It is established that weak regulatory and methodological regulation reduces the potential of control measures in improving strategic management processes. It is proposed to begin the reorganization of the monitoring and control system for the implementation of strategies by clarifying the concepts of monitoring and control, followed by separation and specification of their tasks. The differentiation is based on the idea of monitoring as the collection, systematization of information necessary for control and its simplest primary processing, and control as a deep analysis of the information received with the ultimate goal of improving the efficiency of the strategic planning system. The proposal is substantiated to transfer the functions of monitoring and controlling the implementation of strategies to the control and accounting bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation, and at the federal level to the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation on the following grounds: the independent status of the control and accounting bodies in relation to the executive authorities is a factor that ensures an increase in the level of objectivity of control; control and accounting bodies are endowed with a wide range of control powers, not only in the budgetary and financial sphere, but also in a number of other sections of public administration, which implies a sufficient level of competence in this area; The Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation has experience in auditing national projects. At the same time, the content and results of the relevant expert-analytical activities fully correspond to the tasks of monitoring and controlling the implementation of strategic planning documents set out in the legislation. With this in mind, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation can provide methodological guidance in the monitoring and control of strategies by regional control and accounting bodies.

   In the face of global challenges, attention to the problems of the public sector, its structure and functions is increasing. For the successful implementation of the tasks facing it, qualitative transformations within the public sector are necessary, increasing its flexibility and efficiency in a market economy.

   The aim of this article is to study the dynamics and modern structure of the Russian public sector, as well as to identify the directions of qualitative transformations and new functions of the public sector in the period of global turbulence.

   The paper presents an analysis of extensive statistical data for the period from 2017 to 2023, confirming the presence of both quantitative and qualitative changes in the public sector of the Russian Federation. The study revealed that over the past six years, the public sector in Russia has decreased by about 47 % in terms of the number of commercial enterprises. At the same time, the optimization of the structure of the public sector occurs due to the abolition or sale of small enterprises, as well as the transformation of outdated and inefficient unitary enterprises into modern market forms of joint-stock companies. It was also proved that the state retains control over the largest strategic assets and concentrates economic power within vertically integrated structures in order to ensure national and economic security. The supernova realities have led to the expansion of the functions of the public sector, which, in addition to its main responsibilities, has acquired additional ones, such as financing innovations for import substitution; benchmarking in switching to Russian solutions in business; temporary management of foreign assets; development of the sharing economy, provision of technological transfer between industries; cooperation with the flagships of Russian business; restraining of key personnel relocation. Qualitative transformations of the public sector, including improving the indicators of financial and economic activity of state-owned companies, getting rid of inefficient forms of state entrepreneurship, the use of innovative tools and business processes, the development of new mechanisms of public-private partnership, indicate positive changes in the direction of the implementation of the tasks facing it.

   In the context of sanctions restrictions since 2014 the Russian economy has faced a number of challenges, primarily with ensuring economic security. At the same time, the previous and the current phases have shown that new possibilities are opening up for national producers. The rural areas have also received additional opportunities for development. However, in actual practice regions don’t use this chance, several of them demonstrate variable growth and economic stagnation, enhancing the problem of uneven development. The aim of the research is to evaluate current socio-economic situation in rural areas on the example of the Yaroslavl Region. Based on system and comparative approaches, methods of analysis and synthesis, processing of statistical data, the author reveals increasing differentiation in rural areas, associated with such important problems as social desertisation, non-competitive salary level, degradation processes in the production, underdevelopment of the non-agricultural sector, etc. As the result, the stable state of the territories is disturbed. It has negative effect on the region’s economy. Research analysis made it possible to identify the areas of state regulation and support of the regions. According to the author opinion it’s important to coordinate such priority directions as employment and household income, stabilization of the demography, infrastructure development. In the case of the transition to sustainable development special attention is paid to the application of the integrated approach, using new measures and tools. In addition it’s necessary to create special conditions and to enhance control system. As the result, social and economic effects will strengthen.

   The article examines the main causes of the global threat to the environment and overpopulation, analyzes various approaches that determine the causes of the overpopulation problem and natural resources irrational use, as well as measures aimed at solving them. The evaluation of proposals and practical measures taken by states and corporations to combat the environmental problem has been carried out, as well as their own proposals aimed at solving environmental problems in the direction of increasing public welfare have been developed.

   The aim of the article is to substantiate the need for cybernetic economic planning that coordinates the activities of states and corporations to ensure environmental protection and rational use of natural resources.

   The article raises the problem of the need to rethink the essential methods of solving economic and environmental problems through the use of general scientific research methods and dialectical materialism.

   Within the framework of the study, a comparative analysis of Malthusianism and Marxism in solving environmental problems is carried out, the key difference between which is the different attitude of the authors to the reproduction of the population and the capitalist method of economic production.

   Further, the influence of the Malthusianism theory on the formation of reports on solving problems of economics and ecology in various international analytical centers (the Club of Rome) is noted. As part of the further analysis of solving environmental and economic security problems, the tools of the “green” course are analyzed with the addition of critical assessments by foreign and domestic researchers and experts. Considering retrospective analysis, Soviet and Western approaches to solving environmental and economic problems, the authors come to the expediency of introducing a cybernetic planning model, which contributes, among other things, to strengthening state control over economic production capable of harming the environment.

   The introduction of digital technologies leads to profound changes in the professional requirements for recruiters. These changes are manifested not only in the addition of new knowledge. They also cause the emergence of completely new recruiter functions and the loss of some functions and tasks that would seem to be an integral part of the profession. There are some approaches that suggest that digital systems must not only search for and evaluate candidates, but also make the final decision about the employment. These approaches should be taken into account, because digital tools play a key role in organizations and influence its development. As a result, it is necessary to determine new competences of a recruiter which allow them to maintain high professionalism.

   Thus, the aim of the article is to determine the current competencies of the recruiter necessary for working with digital technologies.

   Summarizing information from various sources, including the results of content analysis of job advertisements for recruiters, allowed us to compile a list of the most significant digital competencies of a recruiter in the context of digitalization of this profession. The research allowed concluding that digital tools are not only formal requirements but essential characteristic of job responsibilities. Moreover, it is shown that some new issues connected with digitalization of recruitment process appear.

   In recent years, the development of human scientific potential has become an important part of the overall strategy of the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation. The concentration of efforts on breakthrough areas of research in various areas of the high-tech nuclear industry means the continuous growth of research achievements of employees, encouraging them to write and defend dissertations. However, such a change in the role of scientific knowledge and technology requires not only managerial will (although it is certainly necessary), but also the solution of a number of related organizational problems, as well as the training of qualified personnel.

   The main issue, especially in a rapidly changing global world, is the degree of respect for science as a field of professional activity in Russian society.

   The results presented in the article are a continuation of the research, provided by the authors earlier, on incentives for writing and defending dissertations. They are aimed at finding and defining effective organizational actions focused on increasing the interest of Rosatom employees in applying for academic degrees. The authors made an attempt to identify the most effective organizational support measures that stimulate interest in the scientific activities of employees, as well as the reasons for the decline in activity in the field of dissertation defense.

   Due to the fact that China actively strengthens the construction of the innovation system and implements the innovation development strategy, the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, being the link between the market economy and university research, directly affects the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises and the development of university scientific research, so the transformation of scientific and technological achievements — technological advances — are more and more appreciated by universities, enterprises, and the government, and related research results are also emerging. This article mainly combines and analyzes the research of various scholars on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities in recent years and summarizes the main ways of transforming the scientific and technological achievements of Chinese universities, obstacles to the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities, and measures to counteract the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities. Based on the analysis of internal constraints, such as the discrepancy between the scientific and technological achievements of universities and market demand, the imperfection of the internal system of universities and insufficient understanding of the problem of transforming scientific and technological achievements by the universities themselves, as well as external constraints, such as insufficient financial support from the state, the imperfection of the external system and the immaturity of the market for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, we put forward the need to create a risk mechanism and build a process for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements under the influence of market demand. A number of countermeasures are proposed, such as strengthening the entrepreneurial potential of scientific and technological intermediaries, creating a market-oriented innovation system for research results that clearly defines the areas that need to be focused on in the next stage, and providing guidance for solving the problems of transforming scientific and technological achievements in universities.