The problem of assessing the economic efficiency of introducing innovative drugs slows down the development of the regenerative medicine industry. The lack of examples of biomedical products use makes it difficult to prove that the economic burden has been reduced. There are several main reasons for this situation. First, most studies are not considered as potential for further transfer to clinical practice. Secondly, the process of introducing new developments takes a very long time and at this moment it is not possible to make such estimates, since the cost of treatment with such drugs is unknown. Thirdly, it is extremely difficult to extrapolate estimates of the comparison of available and proposed methods of treatment in the West, since the cost formation is very different. The presented study provides information on epidemiology, available foreign drugs and domestic developments, the cost of treatment abroad and tariffs for current treatment options for such nosologies as cirrhosis of the liver, male infertility and damage to peripheral nerves. Information is also provided on the economic burden of these diseases for the Russian economy. Despite the obvious savings in budgetary funds when using innovative drugs compared to small molecules, their implementation requires infrastructure development, training of specialists in a new specialty, and changes to existing regulatory documents. The inclusion of high-tech drugs for these diseases in clinical practice takes a long time due to the lack of evidence of cost-effectiveness from their use. In this regard, the main objective of the presented study is to consider the issues and opportunities for assessing the economic effect of introducing innovative products of regenerative medicine into healthcare practice.

The current nature of economic development at both the national and supranational levels is subject to certain laws. In modern Russia, which, after the collapse of the USSR, abandoned the planned system and switched to the so-called free market model, the laws of the capitalist system became the defining laws of economic development. Crises are considered an integral attribute of the capitalist economy evolution. It is assumed that crises basically perform a positive function, enabling the economy to “recover”. However, the experience of recent years has made it clear that the destructive potential of crises will only increase. Moreover, the threat exists both for Russia, for which the issue of changing the management and planning system is not ripe, but rather “overripe”, and for European countries, for which the coronacrisis was suddenly aggravated by the energy and food crisis. The existence of most of the world’s economies within the framework of the monetary concept is becoming an increasingly heavy burden, since the crisis in these conditions is inevitable, and eliminating its consequences from time to time becomes an increasingly difficult task. In this regard, the possibilities of changing the principles of economic management become highly relevant. The paper identifies the essential aspects of the economic crisis as an integral attribute of the capitalist economic system, as well as the impact of the current global crisis on the productive forces of society. The paper emphasizes that the global crisis has actually discredited the current monetary management model, since its measures to date have not allowed neutralizing the negative consequences for the economies of the state, primarily Russia and Europe. In this regard, the question on the agenda is who will make a decision earlier than the others regarding cybernetics as the basis of a new economy management system capable of offering ways out of the global crisis.

The market economy is characterized by the presence of unemployment, which performs a number of functions: it carries out the transfer of workers from one industry to another, stimulates workers to high labor productivity and continuous professional development. In addition, unemployment is an indicator of the state of the economic system, so in times of crisis the indicator level increases sharply, while in a successfully developing economy it tends to zero. Hence, it is of practical interest to assess the crisis phenomena on the unemployment rate in post-Soviet countries. Thus, the purpose of this article is to quantify the impact of the COVID crisis on the unemployment rate in post-Soviet countries. To achieve this goal, we used such methods of scientific cognition as historical, comparative and mathematical-statistical. The conducted research allows drawing a number of important conclusions: despite the objective similarity of the causes of crises, the prevailing economic models in post-Soviet countries react differently to the shock effect, which is manifested in the increase in the variation of the unemployment rate in the republics under consideration as they move away from the beginning of market transformations; the influence of the economic situation on the unemployment rate (Oaken’s law) in post-Soviet countries are not the same in different crisis situations, this is indicated by the difference in the spread of points in 2008–2009 and 2020; the assessment of the level of convergence of the economic systems of post-Soviet countries in terms of GDP per capita and unemployment for the period 1991–2021, based on the Euclidean distance, leads to the conclusion that the economies diverge significantly over time, while at the moment, countries such as Kazakhstan and Belarus are closest to the indicators of Russia.

Russian enterprises have been operating under sanctions restrictions since 2014. Earlier they did not have a tangible impact on nonresource sector of economy, and in some ways even contributed to its development. Now sanctions have reached unprecedented proportions and often go beyond reasonable. Restrictions on access to financial resources, a sharp deterioration in the investment climate, difficulties with the purchase of raw materials, equipment and components — this is not a complete list of sanctions’ consequences. The relevance of the work is related to the fact that sanctions against our country are obviously aimed at the long term, and it is very important for manufacturing enterprises with a complex organizational structure to understand how they affect their activities, what restrictions they impose and what opportunities they provide. The article examines the types and instruments of economic pressure, assesses the impact of sanctions on both economics — of a country-object and a country-sender, analyzes the influence of sanctions on the activities of Russian manufacturing enterprises. The study of international and domestic experience of operating under sanctions helped to identify the ways to minimize their economic consequences. The impact of economic sanctions depends on many interrelated factors and the article proposes a causal model characterizing their interaction at the macro and micro levels. The work is of interest primarily for management of manufacturing enterprises, but due to the considered industry-wide aspects of adaptation tos anctions, it may also be useful for enterprises engaged in other fields of activity, including small and medium-sized ones.

The article reveals the impact of the western sanctions on the Russian Federation economic stability; in particular, it analyses the consequences for the Russian foreign trade — for the import of goods to the country. The research methods and materials include methods of system analysis and synthesis, content analysis of scientific literature and statistical reviews on the subject under investigation, periodical materials of Russian and foreign authors. Despite the moderate value of the Russian import penetration index there is an absolute dependence on the import of industrial and investment goods (machinery, equipment, transport, etc.) in the country. The analysis outlines the measures taken by the Government, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Federal Customs Service to stabilize the current situation with imports to Russia — the strategic trade partnership and the establishment of new logistic chains with the eastern countries, the expansion of the list of goods imported with reduced or zero import customs duties to the Russian territory. Particular attention is paid to the parallel import as a way of supplying sanctioned goods to the country. The parallel import was legalized in May 2022 and involves the replacement of the national principle of the exhaustion of trademark rights with the international one. In the article it is demonstrated that the parallel import is applied to the specific list of goods of the western companies and brands that left the Russian market after the beginning of the special military operation; the list of goods assumes to be constantly updated depending on the situation. To sum up, the further development of the situation with the import to the territory of Russia depends on two factors: the intentions of western countries to increase sanctions pressure and the readiness of the Russian authorities to apply various stabilizing measures to resist the imposed sanctions.

The article represents an overview of the process of developing the youth policy of the Russian Federation in the 1990s. The aim is to identify the features of this process and the reasons for changing the paradigm of young people education. The relevance is defined by the fact that after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the civil-patriotic and spiritual-moral element of education was lost in the youth policy. Throughout the 1990s this aspect never reappeared in the youth policy. In this regard, it seems important for the history of the youth policy development to identify the reasons for the loss of the civil-patriotic and spiritual-moral element in the education of young people. The article examines the prerequisites and conditions of adopting a new youth policy, the content of youth policy at each stage of its formation, analyzes the results and features of the formation of youth policy as of 1999. Historical, comparative-historical and logical methods were used in the research. Together, they made it possible to study this period, make comparisons with other periods and recreate the process of development of the youth policy in all the variety of links involved in it. The scientific novelty of the study is defined by the attracted range of sources that have not been introduced into scientific circulation before. These include archival documents of political parties located in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. In addition, the study involved data from the periodical press of the 1990s and interviews of individuals who were actively involved in setting the course of youth policy. Reconstruction of the process of developing the youth policy in the Russian Federation in the 1990s made it possible to reveal its features. In particular, it was revealed that under the influence of complex historical events of the late 1980s and 1990s the civil-patriotic and spiritual-moral education of young people was lost in the concept of youth policy. At that time, the emphasis was only on the economic component.

The article discusses the results of a study devoted to Russian civil servants’ ideas about the public service value and its place in the structure of values among this professional group. The relevance of the research is determined by the role of the value of public service as a motivator and regulator that ensures the social orientation of the professional activities of civil servants. The material for the analysis was the results of a survey on the most significant values for Russian civil servants and the place of the value of public service in the structure of responsibility, needs and goals of this professional group. The study involved heads of regional and municipal government bodies in the field of education, health and culture (n = 219). Content analysis was used as a data processing tool. As a result of the analysis, it was shown that in the structure of modern Russian civil servants’ ideas about the most significant values of this professional group, ideas about the public service value, along with other values of public benefit, occupy a peripheral position, indirectly expressed in the content of ideas about the values of responsible and high-quality performance of professional duties. At the same time, it is established that in the structure of the participants’ ideas about the responsibility, needs and goals of modern Russian civil servants, the ideas about the value of public service are shifting to the core.

The aim of the article is to identify the contradictory impact of lobbying as a public institution on public policy and administration at the sectoral and regional levels of a country with established market mechanisms and a system of state support. This study is based on an analysis of legal acts regulating lobbying activities both at the federal level and at the level of states and industries. The article shows that lobbying as an integral part of the functional representation of interests in the United States has turned into an institution of public administration with a developed regulatory framework. However, when analyzing in detail the mechanisms of its functioning at the level of industries and states, practices are revealed whose influence on public policy and administration significantly diverges from legal goal-setting. An example of an industry where lobbying practices play an important role is healthcare, which has developed market mechanisms combined with an advanced system of state support and regulation. In addition, it has been established that lobbying, even with its developed normative regulation, significantly distorts free political competition, when its practices lead to the reproduction of vetocracy, and also includes such political and administrative mechanisms as astroturf and taxpayer-funded lobbying. This is especially evident at the state level. The features of lobbying regulation that affect the socio-economic development of the region and its investment attractiveness are highlighted.

The article investigates the evolution of ideas concerning the importance of all-Russian civic consciousness reflected in official documents, as well as the current state of civic identity based on the material of individual regions of Russia. The subjects of the federation belonging to the North Caucasian Federal District, where negative trends associated with the political role of ethnicity are still strong, were chosen as the object of analysis. The results of a content analysis made by regional scholars led to the conclusion that, in general, the all-Russian and ethno-cultural components occupy an equal position in local identity politics. At the same time, in the laws on educational, cultural and language policy, there is a preponderance of provisions that institutionalize the ethno-cultural component. According to experts, the all-Russian identity prevails in Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Stavropol Territory and North Ossetia — Alania. Its position is much weaker in Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia. A number of researchers note that the main factor in the unity of the nation for the residents of the North Caucasus Federal District is the existence of a common state. The article analyzes the obstacles that hamper development of the all-Russian civic identity in the North Caucasus. These are, for example, the lack of the clear notions related to the contents of the civic identity and deep contradictions in understanding the common past of Russia. The all-Russian civic identity is not firmly rooted in the minds of the population and often conflicts with other forms of self-consciousness. The negative impact on the strengthening of civic identity has a violation of legal norms, clannishness, corruption, lack of social lifts, etc. All this necessitates targeted work to correct shortcomings, in which representatives of various government departments, societal organizations and expert community should unify their endeavors.

Over the past three decades, the problems of resolving ethno-political conflicts in the post-Soviet space, in particular, the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, in which Russia is an active participant in the political settlement, have been of particular relevance. The aim of the article is to determine the forms and mechanisms of Russia’s participation as a third party in the settlement of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. The article identifies the main causes of the conflict in this region. Based on the literature review, the main forms and mechanisms of participation of a third party in the settlement of the ethno-political conflict, as well as the attitude of researchers to the role of Russia in the settlement of the conflict in the South Caucasus, are highlighted. The participation of Russia in the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict throughout the entire period of its existence is described in detail. It was determined that over the past thirty years, Russia has used various negotiation and communication mechanisms aimed at a peaceful solution to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. However, at the same time, Russia benefits from the frozen format of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, which is an opportunity to maintain friendly relations with both Armenia and Azerbaijan, while maintaining neutrality towards any of the parties. While acting as a mediator in the conflict, Russia aimed to create a positive image and maintain a balanced relationship with the warring parties, while failing to fully control the situation in the region and allowing the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict to escalate into a war. Further peaceful settlement of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh is possible with a change in the attitude of both the conflicting parties and Russia, acting as a mediator, to the depth of the conflict and the need for a compromise solution.

In this paper, based on the analysis of current sources, including materials of the largest Russian mass media, the analysis of the state system of support for the activities of Russian mass media to promote their products to foreign information markets in the context of information wars is carried out. It is noted that the information war against the Russian media abroad has now reached a new level. It is established that the modern state system of support for the activities of Russian media to promote their products to foreign information markets in the context of information wars can be divided into two types: prohibitive measures against foreign media and administrative measures to stimulate Russian media working in the foreign information market. As a result of the conducted research, it is shown that at present in comparison with previous years the influence of prohibitive measures against foreign media has increased to support the activities of Russian media to promote their products to foreign information markets. The development of administrative measures to stimulate Russian media working in the foreign information market is also continuing. New forms and methods are proposed, which in the future should make it possible to promote their products more successfully on the foreign information market. Taking into account the conducted research, proposals have been made to further improve the system of support for the activities of Russian mass media to promote their products to foreign information markets. According to the authors, the combined application of the proposed measures will allow the Russian media in the future to enter new foreign information markets in the context of information wars and gain a foothold in the markets in which they are already present.

The article analyses the transformation of how information is disseminated and influence in foreign policy starting with the use of propaganda methods to the emergence of the concept of public diplomacy. The authors study the evolution of the propaganda in foreign policy from the Ancient world to the end of the 19 century, separately dwell on the specifics of propaganda in foreign policy in the first half of the 20 century and consider in detail the transition from applications of propaganda technologies in foreign policy to public diplomacy in the second half of the 20 century and the further evolution of this concept. The novelty of the research relates, firstly, to the fact that the transformation of propaganda technologies is considered in a general historical context. Secondly, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of propaganda and public diplomacy and establish their fundamental differences. Public diplomacy is a tool used by both governments and private actors to shape a positive image of the subject country through broadcasting, cultural exports, organization of exchanges and other things in the public environment of the recipient countries. Theoretically, the public diplomacy rests on unbiased information that is at the same time trustworthy, while propaganda is used primarily for short-term purposes and is aimed at manipulating public consciousness through distortion or one-sided coverage of facts. Despite the fact that modern scientific discourse offers a number of criteria for separating propaganda and public diplomacy, distinguishing the use of the latter from the application of propaganda methods in practice seems to be a difficult task. The authors conclude that the concept of public diplomacy is both a derivative of the phenomenon of propaganda and a scientific attempt to dissociate from it, however, in modern conditions, it is becoming increasingly difficult to draw a clear line between them.

The article considers an innovative digital educational ecosystem as a basis for creating conditions that increase the competitiveness of universities, organizations and territories. The society will have to go through a radical transformation of the educational paradigm, as a result of which universities will take on a decisive role in introducing innovations and commercializing scientific and technical developments. The role of transformational processes in Industry 4.0 is shown, requiring the reform of educational ecosystems in universities. The ecosystem approach to education must become more efficient and effective than traditional hierarchical models. The elements of an innovative digital educational ecosystem and the mechanisms of interaction between its participants are determined. The author proposes a conceptual model of the digital education ecosystem based on educational and production clusters as a universal model for the interaction of complex nonlinear systems. The basis of the ecosystem is an innovative platform that regulates many horizontal communications in the form of research centers, innovation laboratories, startup schools. The methods used are a systematic approach, a competence-based approach and the theory of innovative development, the concept of innovative implementation, a cluster concept, the concept of using search engines, the detection of the Triple and Quadruple Helix. As a result of the study, the relative use of the innovative digital educational ecosystem as a universal model for the development of universal education is shown.

In this paper, the issues of activation of innovative activity of educational organizations of the higher education system in the digital economy are investigated on the basis of the features of building innovative activity, the use of tools in the process of educational processes digitalization. The object of the research includes innovative activity of educational organizations of the higher education system; the subject covers tools for activating innovative activities of educational organizations in the digital economy. The research defines features of innovation management of educational organizations; reveals organization and management of innovation activities of educational organizations based on the management of intellectual property objects as well as digitalization processes in the innovation activities of educational organizations. Research methods are analysis, synthesis, classification, system-functional approach. As a result, the hypothesis of the study was partly confirmed, which consists in verifying the approach based on the management of the intellectual property objects as a result of the innovative activity of an educational organization of higher education, when the intellectual property objects serve as the basis for building the university innovative activity; the hypothesis of the study was confirmed in part, which consists in identifying new intellectual property objects in the process of digitalization of educational organizations; the results of the National Rating of Russian Universities by Interfax showed the relationship between the rating indicators and intellectual property objects; the commonalities and differences in the results of the Interfax National Rating of Russian Universities on the parameter “Innovation” and the rating “Index of inventive activity of Russian universities — 2022” of the AC “Expert” are revealed; the concept of “Digitalization of an educational organization” is formulated, which means a set of processes of asset virtualization, management and uberization of educational, managerial processes; a scheme of the possibilities of digital platforms and digital resources in the innovation activities of educational organizations has been formed, taking into account the processes of digitalization and uberization; the issues of tools for activating university innovation activities (external and internal) in the digital economy have been investigated; the issues of motivation of teachers studying at the university during the period of digitalization based on the use of tools design thinking, which allows creating an intellectual property objects based on the principles of human-centricity, socially significant projects.

The need of Russian science for new ideas and a fresh look at the prevailing theories and technologies has stimulated the authors’ interest in the factors influencing motivation to obtaining scientific degrees. When carrying out scientific activities, scientists not only create a new scientific result, but also get intellectual and aesthetic satisfaction. In this context, scientific activity appears both as means to achieve the goal, and also as the goal itself. Therefore, the functioning of the high-tech and science-intensive nuclear industry contributes not only to achieving its direct goal — the production of electricity, but also facilitates the development of scientific knowledge, concentration of efforts on breakthrough areas of research in various fields from materials science to ecology. At the same time, there has been a tendency to decrease the motivation of qualified industry personnel in writing and defending dissertations. The undesirable consequences of this phenomenon prompted the authors to conduct a study to identify factors that stimulate or inhibit interest in scientific activity among employees of Rosatom State Corporation. Through overviewing of Russian and foreign scientific papers, as well as conducting research using methods of mathematical statistics, surveys and interviews, it was revealed that the motivation for the defense of dissertations of agents of research activity is a complex system with different levels, including personal, functional and the level of substantive activity (professional).