The relevance of the study is determined by the dynamism of the state approaches to providing support measures to socially oriented nonprofit organizations (SONPO), which among other things are dependent on domestic and foreign policy processes. The development of society determines new needs and sets new tasks in the social sphere. In the context of serious sanctions pressure from foreign states and international organizations, an objective need has arisen to develop additional types of assistance to the nonprofit sector, on the one hand, dependent on state assistance, including financial, on the other hand, being one of the key institutions of civil society and performing many social functions that are implemented in cooperation with government agencies.

The aim of the study is to consider the areas and features of support for the activities of NPOs in Russia, to estimate the size of budgetary allocations from the federal budget and budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to support NPOs and other types of support for the nonprofit sector in the changed domestic political conditions influenced by global processes, which have formed an additional need for public authorities to involve civil society institutions in the provision of social services to the population. The study is based on the reports of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation for 2018–2023, as well as information from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. As a result, the paper notes the main results of the implementation of support measures, including those related to the increase in the number of NPOs and volunteers participating in their activities; the implementation of state policy on the development of the nonprofit sector is positively assessed, and directions for its further improvement are proposed.

The article examines the problem of communication between the Belorussian SSR (BSSR) and the Union center on the issue of eliminating the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster in the dynamically changing political conditions of Perestroika. The Chernobyl disaster had a strong impact on the economic and political state of the country and society, as well as on the system of public administration and relations between the union center and the leadership of the BSSR. The process of these changes can be divided into three stages: 1986, in which the Union center played a key role in making decisions to eliminate the consequences of the disaster; 1987-1988, when the first prerequisites for a greater role of the republic in this matter began to take shape, and 1989-1991, when the republic tried to implement its supply standards in the union departments. At the first stage, the Union Government Commission and the Operational Group of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU were the determining force in the liquidation of the accident, supplying the necessary funds and materials to the affected regions, mobilizing the resources of the USSR. In the second stage, against the background of the democratization of socio-political relations, the BSSR began to formulate requests in excess of allied supplies. Finally, at the third stage, the BSSR created a program to eliminate the consequences of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which covered a wide range of needs in the affected territories and required new capital investments. Initially, in 1989, the initiative in relations with the union center was in the hands of the republic, but under the influence of republican programs, the center formulated its own program to eliminate the consequences of the disaster, which was guided by the disintegration of the USSR in 1991. As a result, it is concluded that despite the initial supply of everything necessary to the BSSR and the change in the relationship between the center and the leadership of the BSSR, by the early 90s, political instability in the Soviet Union did not allow the union center to fully implement its obligations.

The paper deals with a further research into the theory and practice of standardization of housing construction projects. The most problematic and relevant area of such projects application is the process of resettlement of citizens from dilapidated housing. Currently, just over 40% of the existing emergency housing stock is settled in the Irkutsk region. The paper is focused on the increasing the efficiency of construction projects implementation within the framework of state programs in the Irkutsk region. It is hypothesized that the standardization of the budget-funded housing construction projects should shorten the time of design and expert examination of projects, as well as to reduce the expenditure of budget funds. Among the aims of this research is evaluation of the implementation difficulties, as well as the effect of standard design on the realization of regional target programs for rehousing from dilapidated buildings. The novelty in this aspect is the classification of reasons for failed implementation of state housing construction projects and the development of a method for calculating the effects of budget savings from the realization of standard projects. Statistical, economic and expert methods of analysis were used to reach these aims. The calculation using the suggested formulas showed possible savings of budget funds and a reduction of deficit in financing regional target programs by more than half if the region had used standard housing construction design from the beginning of the program. The results of the study can be applied by regional authorities in budget planning for the implementation of state housing construction programs.

The term “downsizing” is used broadly as a radical reorganization aimed at improving organizational efficiency, productivity and competitiveness, and narrowly as measures to reduce the number of management levels of the organization and the number of staff. Reactive and proactive downsizing strategies are highlighted and characterized in the article. The first is used as a quick response to the sharply deteriorating working conditions of the organization (crisis). The second is used when staff reductions and other activities are carried out as planned, which leads to changes in the business processes, business models and strategy of the organization. The driving forces or factors of downsizing can be grouped into three groups: sanitation, cloning, and organizational learning. Three strategies for downsizing are distinguished and characterized: a strategy for reducing the workforce, a strategy for reorganizing the structure and culture (redesign), and a systemic strategy. The latter involves the most profound and radical changes in the field of not only business processes and structure, but also the culture of the organization. Depending on the speed and depth of changes, a convergent strategy is distinguished (changes affect part of the organization or its individual business processes) and a reorientation strategy that affects the organization more broadly and involves a significant redefinition of its mission, strategy, and structure. The financial, organizational, and human consequences of using these strategies are considered. The likelihood of human consequences is the main obstacle to making decisions about downsizing.

The article examines strategic documents of transport planning of the Russian Federation at the federal, regional and local levels in terms of the development of urban electric transport. This analysis is necessary to determine the importance and general vector of electric transport strategic development in the Russian regions. 321 transport planning documents of all subjects of the Russian Federation, where similar documents have been developed, have been analyzed. It is determined that half of the documents do not have any measures for the development of electric transport; 31 of the 65 regions where electric transport operates have low elaboration of this issue or do not have at all. In 7 of the 20 subjects of the Russian Federation where electric transport does not function, it is planned to organize it. It has been revealed that most of the measures are aimed at the reconstruction or development of the linear infrastructure of electric transport, as well as the purchase of rolling stock of various types. At the same time, there are often measures for constructing and reconstructing the energy infrastructure of electric transport, which shows understanding of importance of its deterioration degree issue. Based on the analysis, a conclusion has been formed about the general insufficiency of studying the issue of urban electric transport development in strategic transport planning documents. Despite the fact that the documents of the regional and agglomeration levels provide more information about this category of vehicles, most regional and local executive authorities do not pay due attention to its strategic planning limiting themselves to local solutions at the operational and tactical level, despite the fact that the document of the federal level regulates the need for its strategic development.

The article reviews the development of the theory and methodology for forecasting socio-economic development in Russia, with the aim of identifying the main stages in the formation and transformation of regional forecasting methodologies. The analysis of theoretical propositions and methodological approaches is used to describe the current place of forecasting within the system of strategic planning for socio-economic development at the regional level in the Russian Federation. Through historical analysis and a comparative analysis of scientific research and regulatory documents, four key stages in the evolution of the theory and practice of socio-economic forecasting are identified. The criteria for determining the time limits of the stages have been chosen: the focus on scientific research on socio-economic forecasting and the development of new forecasting methods. The article also briefly describes the current three-level system of socio-economic forecasting, which is based on normative documents at the federal and regional levels. It also defines the key functions and characteristics of long-term and medium-term regional forecasting in the Russian Federation at the current stage.

The study is devoted to assessing the potential of government agencies in implementing the anti-inflation policy of the Yeltsin-Gaidar government. The need for a consistent analysis of the public administration system elements involved in the implementation of this policy determined the use of retrospective and structural-functional methods. The theoretical foundation of the research is the concept of state capacity, which focuses on establishing the relationship between the parameters of the state apparatus and its ability to achieve the set goals. An integral component of this concept, bureaucratic capacity, was employed to study the condition of government agencies from a personnel and organizational perspective. The subject of the study was a part of the public administration system, whose functionality determined the prospects for implementing the anti-inflation policy. The list of specific government bodies was identified based on four main directions: antitrust, foreign trade, tax, and fiscal-budgetary policy. The corresponding services, state committees, and organizations were examined in three aspects: personnel and organizational capacity, regulatory framework, and resource availability. The results of the study showed that government agencies were unprepared to operate under market reform conditions. They suffered from an acute lack of expertise, operated within an underdeveloped infrastructural and institutional environment, and faced significant funding shortages. The ideological principles and socio-economic realities of 1992 created long-term conditions for the degradation of bureaucratic capacity. The decline in the state’s ability to concentrate resources, enforce policies, and manage administrative processes rendered the anti-inflation objectives of shock therapy unattainable within the planned timeframe. Unrealistic goal-setting led to negative consequences such as additional socio-economic costs, destructive forms of social adaptation, and increased political tensions. The findings of the study revealed the need to align state capacity with the desired outcomes of government policies through a preliminary audit of relevant elements of the bureaucratic apparatus.

One of the uncertainty management tools used by nonprofit organizations (NPO) is the development of social innovations, allowing the organization to take a proactive position in relation to changes occurring in society. However, in practice, not all nonprofit organizations manage to effectively engage in innovative activities within the framework of implementing their main social mission. The aim of this article is to identify the features of creating social innovations in conditions of a high degree of uncertainty of the external environment. The Lean Impact and organizational ambidexterity discussed in the article have sufficient potential to ensure the innovation process in NPOs. Following the basic principles of Lean Impact (think bigger, start small and relentlessly seek impact), as well as the practical implementation of the “build — measure — learn feedback” loop contribute to increasing the efficiency of NPO innovation activities, shortening the innovation cycle and reducing the likelihood of failure. The concept of organizational ambidexterity focuses on finding a balance between basic and incremental innovations in NPOs in the context of achieving a three-pronged goal: implementing a social mission, adapting to the needs of beneficiaries and donor requirements, and maintaining financial sustainability. The main stages of implementing organizational ambidexterity in a nonprofit organization are: initial restructuring, collaborative ecosystem work, and launching a joint project by partner organizations. The key to successfully finding a balance between basic and incremental innovations in NPOs is the organic combination of three types of ambidexterity: structural (creating appropriate units responsible for experimenting with MVPs, implementing programs, and scaling them), contextual (strategic hiring and coordinated management efforts), and interorganizational (collaborating with partner organizations to create innovative solutions). The use of Lean Impact and organizational ambidexterity in the nonprofit sector will help improve internal organizational dynamics, maintain social effectiveness, and strengthen financial sustainability.

The environment, in which the social institution of state and municipal administration operates, is characterised by unfavorable demographic trends. In the sphere of state and municipal administration, we consider support for young families (and families with children of organisations’ employees) as a measure that will ensure the development and improvement of the demographic policy of the state. The employees’ family-friendly policy is aimed at satisfying the needs of family employees and, in addition to state assistance, is designed to target the needs of employees, who perform not only professional, but also parental functions. The article concerns the study of the potential of the family-friendly policy, in the sphere of state organisation and municipal administration. The research methodology is based on several key approaches, emphasizing the special value of the neo-institutional approach. These methods enlist the help of statistical analysis pertaining to sociological survey data. The information basis was the result of a sociological study, assessing the availability, demand, and implementation possibilities, of the potential effectiveness of measures friendly to families of state and municipal employment. In the Central Federal District of Russia between September 2023 – May 2024, more than 300 respondents were interviewed, selected from employees of public and municipal administration departments. This revealed that the state can successfully and comprehensively support public administration organisations in developing family-friendly policies at local level. Simultaneously, organisations themselves will act as one of the key agents of the state in implementing the general pro-natalist policy. The possibility of actively involving public administration organisations in the general pro-natalist policy is directly related to the need to finalize the existing regulatory framework with additional and corrective work. A model for developing a family-friendly policy is proposed, categorising individual groups with levels of control over the effectiveness of its policy implementation.

In Russia, there are a number of depressed areas that lag behind other regions in socio-economic indicators. The use of the term “depressed territories” primarily in economic studies highlights a lack of sociological research on the management aspect that takes into account the socio-cultural characteristics of the population. This study employs the theory of public values as a theoretical

framework, positing that citizens’ attitudes are interconnected with the activities of government authorities. The aim of the research is to identify the distinctive socio-cultural characteristics of the populations in depressed territories that may influence management processes. To achieve this, a survey was conducted among 600 residents of both depressed and non-depressed municipalities with similar characteristics; a quota sampling method was applied, ensuring gender and age distribution within the population. The findings reveal that residents of depressed areas are more committed to values of survival and traditionalism. They exhibit less independence and greater trust compared to those living in non-depressed territories, demonstrating a need for group belonging and possessing closed social capital. The attitudes of residents in depressed municipalities — characterized by a lack of long-term planning, moderation in life, renunciation of ambition, a preference for psychological comfort, and passive waiting for improvements in their quality of life — are less conducive to overcoming adversity. In these areas, there is higher support for government policies among the population, alongside a recognized need for societal stability and adherence to centralized decision-making. The results contribute to the theory of public values by revealing differences in values among municipalities with similar characteristics and determining the potential influence of these values on the socio-economic development of the region. The practical significance of this work lies in developing proposals for utilizing the population’s value orientations in managing depressed territories. Future research prospects include applying the methodology used in this study to other economic regions in Russia.

Taking into account the strategic nature of the urban master plans that have become widespread in recent years, it is impossible not to note their absence among the strategic planning documents provided for by current legislation. Under the current conditions, the active implementation of these tools creates risks of both duplication of the provisions of various documents and their direct contradiction, disruption of the consistency of urban and municipal planning, and, as a result, a decrease in its effectiveness. In this regard, an attempt has been made to determine the place of master plans in the strategic planning system. The article analyzes the main points of the master plans content in comparison with the current documents of strategic and territorial planning and the practice of their application. Methodological developments in the field of master planning from a number of government and expert organizations were also а subject to а substantive analysis. The methods of studying normative and methodological acts, the comparative method, the method of formal and logical analysis, and others were used. As a result, it was possible to present the concept of master planning as a specially designed project for updating or correcting the strategic planning documents of a municipality. This approach, on the one hand, satisfies the needs of municipalities in using promising technologies for developing strategic plans, on the other hand, it allows for conflict-free integration of master planning into the current strategic planning system. A method of practical implementation of the proposed concept is proposed through the development by the Ministry of Economic Development of framework methodological recommendations for the regions on the development of strategies for the socio-economic development of municipalities, including provisions on the possibility and procedure for using master plans to update and adjust strategies and plans for their implementation. Direct legislative consolidation of the master plan concept in the current legislation is considered inappropriate.

A lean (economical) startup as a new object of research for introducing lean management as a specific management concept in Russian universities, based on a system of standards in the field of lean manufacturing, is considered as an opportunity to increase the competitiveness of universities. The object of the research is lean management in higher education institutions as a source of increasing their competitiveness while the subject is a lean startup as a component of lean management in universities, where the beneficiaries are “external” and “internal” participants in the educational process; reflecting the competitive advantages of the university in the fields of innovative entrepreneurship, social sphere. The research aim is to update the development of lean management in higher education institutions; to clarify the participants of the lean management market in Russian universities. The methods include general scientific methods, analysis of the website of the Association of Lean Universities. The research information base covers the works in the Scientific Electronic Library, Google Scholar. As a result, the evolution of the development of lean management in universities, in the Russian educational space, is clarified based on the analysis of the works of researchers in the field of “Publication activity” from 2020 to the present; the concepts of lean management in universities and lean startup in the broad and narrow senses of the word are clarified. It is noted that the fundamental difference between lean management in universities in a narrow and broad senses is the presence of the university ecosystem, the network nature of all its participants’ interaction. The formed definition has methodological significance for the entire higher education system, including the need to adjust lean management standards taking into account the essence of education; the need to form standards for creating a new product based on lean management standards, according to the requirements of a specific area of the industrial partner (industry, services, healthcare, creative industries).

The article examines the primary directions of artificial intelligence (AI) development and application in domestic and international business, as well as in public administration. The study’s relevance stems from the need to establish principles for AI development in the economy to enhance the efficiency of public production. The aim is to define principles for AI development to improve the effectiveness of managerial decision-making. A contradiction is identified between the active implementation of digital technologies and AI in the economy and the exacerbation of socio-economic challenges. The study establishes a connection between the main directions of AI development and application in the Russian Federation and Klaus Schwab’s concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It analyzes discrepancies between the proclaimed revolutionary nature of current transformations and the stagnation of key indicators, particularly labor productivity growth, which are typically signals of an industrial revolution. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the Fourth Industrial Revolution concept, guiding states and businesses, are shown to hinder effective digital transformation aimed at improving economic efficiency. The limitations of the Industry4.0 framework obstruct the recognition of the need for dynamic economic-mathematical models (EMMs), reducing economic development to technical digital transformation measures without linking them to the economic efficiency of digitalization costs. This approach overlooks the need for tools to manage economic development, particularly in enhancing labor productivity, selecting efficient technologies, and ultimately increasing profitability. As a result, an alternative scenario is proposed for the development and use of cybernetic AI in economic management to ensure proportional economic development, addressing strategic challenges for the state and businesses.

The formation of the international relations system is significantly influenced by the updated economic structure that requires a special scientific attention. The study is based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, political forecasting and modeling of the international relations system. The key provisions of such concepts as international integration and regionalization, international relations, and digitalization of the economy are taken into account. The article, based on a comprehensive consideration of the priority interests of the Russian Federation, proposes a comprehensive development of a practice-oriented toolkit for stimulating the development of cross-border online business in the interests of regional integration. The article illustrates the growing importance of cross-border online business in the global economy and international relations, as well as its impact on the integration of states and commercial entities at the regional and trans-regional levels. The interest of the Russian Federation in integration within the EAEU and BRICS is discussed, and measures to stimulate the development of cross-border business are proposed to achieve the goals of strengthening regional and trans-regional integration. As a result, in integration associations it is recommended to create open-type PPP (public-private partnership) projects, the implementation of which will attract resources and competencies to stimulate cross-border online business. At the level of the EAEU and BRICS, it is proposed to develop international agreements on the protection of investments in the digital environment, on the standardization of approaches to regulating the digital economy and on the recognition (unification) of digital interaction protocols. Within the framework of BRICS, it is recommended to implement a decision on the issue of a common digital currency — a secured cryptocurrency (stablecoins) tied to a basket of BRICS currencies and not a digital currency of the central bank, which will prevent a conflict of interest among regulators. To successfully implement the relevant measures, it is proposed to make proactive changes in the management of the national foreign policy. The initiatives put forward in the article to stimulate the development of cross-border business within the framework of integration associations such as the EAEU and BRICS are designed to help strengthen economic ties and increase the competitiveness of the participating countries.

In the era of digital economy, the manufacturing industries of China and Russia play a crucial role in the global industrial chain. In order to occupy a more advantageous position in the global manufacturing competition, they achieve digital transformation through innovation in digital technology and enhance international competitiveness. Both governments encourage enterprises to increase investment in smart factories and digital workshops through various means such as policy support, information infrastructure construction, and funding subsidies, actively promoting the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry. The key technology applications for the digital transformation of intelligent manufacturing, such as 5G, Big Data, industrial Internet of Things, augmented reality technology, artificial intelligence, etc., are aimed at improving production efficiency and quality. As a key resource, data runs through the entire lifecycle of the manufacturing industry, driving production process optimization and market insights, promoting open innovation and market mechanism transformation. Research and analysis on technological innovation and policy guidance under market competition are the core driving forces of the manufacturing industry. On the bases of the manufacturing data analysis of the two countries, manufacturing is identified as an important pillar of the national economy, and suggestions for strengthening technical sovereignty and international cooperation are made. Based on the research results, it is proposed that the manufacturing industries of China and Russia actively face challenges such as tariff barriers, geopolitics, technical standards, and brand influence, meanwhile strengthen technological sovereignty, communication, and cooperation, focus on product innovation, improve product added value, achieve independent, controllable, and sustainable development, actively cooperate and participate in diversified overseas market competition, and innovate activities to enhance market competitiveness.