Scientific and Technological Potential: Assessment of Development and Successful Practices of Reproduction (Evidence from the Volga, Siberian, and Central Federal Districts of Russia)

The study underscores the relevance of examining scientific and technological potential (STP) within the framework of implementing science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy. STI policy is conceptualized as a pivotal component of economic policy aimed at eliminating technological lag and achieving technological sovereignty at the regional level. Domestic and international literature on STI policy is reviewed, revealing divergent approaches based on the scope of definitions (narrow vs. broad interpretations) and the policy’s object (e.g., scientific and technological potential, scientific and technological complex, scientific and technological sphere). The authors adopt a definition of STI policy as an integrated system of goals, objectives, and priorities concerning the formation and utilization of STP, complemented by institutional arrangements and governance mechanisms enabling state–society collaboration toward these ends. Employing a resource-performance approach, the study evaluates the level of STP development across Russian regions and constructs a regional ranking. Particular attention is given to regions within the Central, Volga, and Siberian Federal Districts that occupy leading positions in this ranking; the underlying factors driving their high performance are identified. The paper also presents successful practices in fostering scientific and technological development at the regional level. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development and empirical validation of a methodological framework for assessing regional STP that integrates both resource inputs and performance outcomes, as well as core STP components — namely, human capital and research and development (R&D) activities. The practical significance stems from the formulation of actionable policy recommendations aimed at enhancing scientific and technological development and ensuring the effective utilization of accumulated STP.

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