Some Issues of Agricultural Production Efficiency in the Sughd Region of the Republic of Tajikistan

The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing the economic efficiency of agricultural production with a particular focus on the regional characteristics of the Sughd Region of the Republic of Tajikistan. It is shown that the specificity of the agricultural sector is determined by the multifactoral nature of its functioning, including a special role of the land as the main means of production, the self-reproducing nature of agricultural products, differentiated farm income, and the pronounced seasonality of revenue flows. These factors predetermine the necessity of applying comprehensive approaches to the analysis and measurement of efficiency. Different types of efficiency are identified and characterized: technological efficiency, reflecting the degree of application of modern agrotechnologies; economic efficiency, expressed in the ratio of costs to results; social efficiency, related to ensuring employment and improving the living standards of the rural population; and ecological efficiency, oriented toward the sustainable use of natural resources. For objective evaluation, a system of indicators is proposed, including gross output, net income, profit, profitability, as well as integral indices that capture the multidimensional nature of agricultural processes. From a methodological perspective, particular attention is given to the use of the frontier analysis method (Data Envelopment Analysis — DEA), which provides a comparative assessment of farm efficiency, identifies missed reserves, and determines directions for optimizing resource use. The role of scientific and technological progress and factor models that reveal the contribution of intensive and extensive development paths is emphasized. The conclusion highlights that improving the performance of the agrarian sector requires a comprehensive approach that combines government support, rational use of land, labour, and financial resources, the development of an innovation base, and institutional transformations aimed at building a competitive and sustainable regional agricultural system.

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