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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gosupr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государственное управление. Электронный вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Administration. E-journal (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2070-1381</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Факультет государственного управления МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU2070-1381-117-2026-154-169</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gosupr-339</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА И ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL ECONOMY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Теоретические основы роста компаний, использующих генеративный искусственный интеллект: понятие, классификация и критерии идентификации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Theoretical Foundations of Growth in Companies Utilizing Generative Artificial Intelligence: Concepts, Classification, and Identification Criteria</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1307-4465</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashchenko</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иващенко Наталия Павловна, Доктор экономических наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Ivashchenko, DSc (Economics), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nivashenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2052-0974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попова Вера Геннадиевна, Кандидат экономических наук, доцент</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera G. Popova, PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgpopova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1358-8267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняк</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyak</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черняк Алексей Юрьевич, Соискатель</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey Yu. Chernyak, PhD applicant</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chernyaka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Экономический факультет, МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Faculty of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>117</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иващенко Н.П., Попова В.Г., Черняк Ю.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иващенко Н.П., Попова В.Г., Черняк Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashchenko N.P., Popova V.G., Chernyak E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/339">https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/339</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследованы теоретические основы роста компаний, использующих генеративный искусственный интеллект (генеративный ИИ), который приобрел в последние годы особую актуальность, так как его использование позволяет компаниям существенно ускорять бизнес-процессы и получать дополнительные конкурентные преимущества. Цель статьи — оценить возможность применения теорий роста фирмы и инновационного развития к компаниям генеративного ИИ и на этой основе предложить их классификацию, а также уточнить критерии отнесения компаний ИИ-сектора к категории быстрорастущих. В результате исследования на материале концепций Й. Шумпетера, Э. Пенроуз, Д. Тиса, К. Кристенсена и Р. Гибрата показано, какие элементы классической теории роста фирмы применимы к траекториям компаний в сфере генеративного ИИ, а какие требуют уточнения. Генеративный ИИ рассматривается как технология общего назначения (general purpose technology), однако с оговоркой о дискуссионности этого статуса на ранней стадии диффузии. Предложена трехуровневая классификация по степени включения генеративного ИИ в продукт и процессы (категории А, Б, В), основанная на формализованном тесте исключения и измеримых пороговых критериях. Разработан расширенный многомерный критерий быстрорастущей компании для предприятий на стадии до получения выручки. Уточнено, что генеративный ИИ порождает дилемму инноватора у укоренившихся участников рынка через атаку качественно превосходящим решением, а не через канонический подрыв снизу, как это описывает К. Кристенсен. Полученные результаты формируют теоретическую основу для дальнейшего анализа моделей роста российских ИИкомпаний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines the theoretical foundations of the companies’ growth utilizing generative artificial intelligence (generative AI), a technology that has gained particular relevance in recent years due to its ability to significantly accelerate business processes and provide firms with additional competitive advantages. The aim of the study is to assess the applicability of firm growth and innovation development theories to generative AI companies and, on this basis, to propose a classification of such companies and refine the criteria for identifying high-growth firms within the AI sector. Drawing on the concepts developed by J. Schumpeter, E. Penrose, D. Teece, C. Christensen, and R. Gibrat, the study identifies which elements of classical firm growth theory are applicable to the development trajectories of companies operating in the field of generative AI and which require further refinement. Generative AI is treated as general purpose technology, while acknowledging that this status remains subject to debate at the early stage of its diffusion. The article proposes a three-level classification by depth of use (categories A, B, and C), based on a formalized exclusion test and measurable threshold criteria. It also develops an extended multidimensional criterion for identifying high-growth firms before revenue generation. The analysis clarifies that the technology creates an innovator’s dilemma for incumbents through an attack by a qualitatively superior solution rather than through the canonical low-end disruption described by Christensen. The findings provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of growth models among Russian AI companies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Генеративный искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>быстрорастущие компании</kwd><kwd>технология общего назначения</kwd><kwd>классификация ИИ-компаний</kwd><kwd>дилемма инноватора</kwd><kwd>расширенный критерий роста</kwd><kwd>экономика инноваций</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Generative artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>high-growth firms</kwd><kwd>general purpose technology</kwd><kwd>AI company classification</kwd><kwd>innovator’s dilemma</kwd><kwd>extended growth criterion</kwd><kwd>innovation economics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru"> Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания МГУ имени М.В. 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