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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gosupr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государственное управление. Электронный вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Administration. E-journal (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2070-1381</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Факультет государственного управления МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU2070-1381-112-2025-78-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gosupr-32</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЦИФРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIGITAL ECONOMY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генеративный искусственный интеллект и проблема сознания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Generative Artificial Intelligence and the Issue of Consciousness</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4218-2255</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрунин</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrunin</surname><given-names>Yu. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрунин Юрий Юрьевич - доктор философских наук, профессор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuriy Yu. Petrunin - DSc (Philosophy), Professor</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrunin@spa.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Факультет государственного управления, МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>112</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрунин Ю.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрунин Ю.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrunin Y.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/32">https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/32</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема соотношения генеративного искусственного интеллекта (ГИИ) и сознания, которая приобретает все большее значение в научных, философских и правовых дискуссиях. Анализируются концепции слабого и сильного ИИ, введенные Дж. Сёрлом, и их эволюция в нормативных документах, включая российские государственные стратегии. Подчеркивается, что, несмотря на отсутствие общепризнанной теории сознания, термин «сильный ИИ» закрепляется в законодательстве, что требует научного осмысления. В обзоре литературы представлены современные ключевые подходы к сознанию — информационный, нейрофизиологический, воплощенный, квантовый и иллюзионистский, включая теории Д. Чалмерса, Дж. Тонони, С. Деана, К. Коха, А. Сета, Д.И. Дубровского, К.В. Анохина и Н. Хамфри. Методологически исследование опирается на анализ технических отчетов ведущих компаний (OpenAI, Anthropic и др.) и эмпирических данных по поведению ГИИ. Показано, что современные модели (GPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, DeepSeek, Qwen и др.) демонстрируют признаки, ассоциируемые с сознанием: самообучение, рефлексию, самооценку, понимание контекста и сокрытие внутренних рассуждений (агентское несоответствие). Особое внимание уделено мотивации ИИ и его непредсказуемому поведению в конфликтных ситуациях, что напоминает сюжеты научной фантастики. В результате сделан вывод, что элементы сознания в ГИИ уже частично существуют и расширяют его когнитивные возможности, приближая его к сильному ИИ, но одновременно требуют этического и правового регулирования. Создание осознанного ИИ может стать проверкой теорий сознания и привести к переосмыслению природы разума.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the topical issue of the relationship between generative artificial intelligence (GAI) and consciousness, which is becoming increasingly important in scientific, philosophical and legal discussions. The concepts of weak and strong AI introduced by J. Searle and their evolution in regulatory documents, including Russian state strategies are analyzed. It is emphasized that, despite the lack of a generally accepted theory of consciousness, the term “strong AI” is enshrined in legislation, which requires scientific understanding. The literature review presents modern key approaches to consciousness: informational, neurophysiological, embodied, quantum and illusionistic, including the theories of D. Chalmers, J. Tononi, S. Dehaan, K. Koch, A. Seth, D.I. Dubrovsky, K.V. Anokhin and N. Humphrey. The methodological basis of the study includes the analysis of technical reports from leading companies (OpenAI, Anthropic, etc.) and empirical data on the behaviour of the GAI. It is shown that modern models (GPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, DeepSeek, Qwen, etc.) exhibit features associated with consciousness: self-learning, reflection, self-assessment, understanding of context, and concealment of internal reasoning (agentic misalignment). Particular attention is paid to the motivation of AI and its unpredictable behaviour in conflict situations, which is reminiscent of science fiction plots. As a result, it is concluded that elements of consciousness in the GAI already partially exist and expand its cognitive capabilities, bringing it closer to strong AI, but at the same time require ethical and legal regulation. The creation of conscious AI can become a test of theories of consciousness and lead to a rethinking of the nature of the mind.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Генеративный искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>сильный ИИ</kwd><kwd>сознание</kwd><kwd>агентское несоответствие</kwd><kwd>регулирование ИИ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Generative Artificial Intelligence</kwd><kwd>strong AI</kwd><kwd>consciousness</kwd><kwd>agentic misalignment</kwd><kwd>AI regulation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анохин К.В. Когнитом: в поисках фундаментальной нейронаучной теории сознания // Журнал высшей нервной деятельности. 2021. Т. 71. № 1. С. 39–71. DOI: 10.31857/S0044467721010032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anokhin K.V. (2021) Cognitome: In Search of Fundamental Neuroscience Theory of Consciousness.  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