<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gosupr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государственное управление. Электронный вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Administration. E-journal (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2070-1381</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Факультет государственного управления МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55959/MSU2070-1381-110-2025-46-62</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gosupr-207</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS: THEORY AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Даунсайзинг как стратегический инструмент организационных изменений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Downsizing as а Strategic Tool for Organizational Change</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-2399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуб</surname><given-names>А. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anatoly T. Zub</surname></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зуб Анатолий Тимофеевич, доктор философских наук, профессор,</p><p>Москва.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly T. Zub, DSc (Philosophy), Professor, </p><p>Moscow.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zubat@spa.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Факультет государственного управления, МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Public Administration, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>110</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зуб А.Т., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зуб А.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Зуб А.Т.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/207">https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/207</self-uri><abstract><p>Понятие «даунсайзинг» употребляется в широком смысле как радикальная реорганизация с целью добиться повышения организационной эффективности, производительности и конкурентоспособности и в узком как меры по сокращению числа уровней управления организацией и численностью персонала. В статье выделяются и характеризуются реактивная и проактивная стратегии даунсайзинга. Первая применяется как быстрая ответная реакция на резко ухудшившиеся условия работы организации (кризис). Вторая — когда сокращения персонала и другие мероприятия проводятся в плановом порядке, что ведет к изменениям бизнес-процессов, бизнес-моделей и стратегии организации. Движущие силы даунсайзинга можно объединить в три группы: санирование, клонирование и организационное обучение. В ходе анализа определены три стратегии проведения даунсайзинга: стратегия сокращения рабочей силы, стратегия реорганизации структуры и культуры (редизайн), системная стратегия. Последняя предполагает проведение наиболее глубоких и радикальных изменений в области не только бизнес-процессов и структуры, но и культуры организации. В зависимости от скорости и глубины изменений различают конвергентную стратегию (изменения затрагивают часть организации или ее отдельные бизнес-процессы) и стратегию переориентации, которая более масштабно затрагивает организацию и предполагает существенное переопределение ее миссии, стратегии и структуры. Рассматриваются финансовые, организационные, человеческие последствия применения этих стратегий. Вероятность возникновения именно человеческих последствий является главным препятствием на пути принятия решений и проведении даунсайзинга.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The term “downsizing” is used broadly as a radical reorganization aimed at improving organizational efficiency, productivity and competitiveness, and narrowly as measures to reduce the number of management levels of the organization and the number of staff. Reactive and proactive downsizing strategies are highlighted and characterized in the article. The first is used as a quick response to the sharply deteriorating working conditions of the organization (crisis). The second is used when staff reductions and other activities are carried out as planned, which leads to changes in the business processes, business models and strategy of the organization. The driving forces or factors of downsizing can be grouped into three groups: sanitation, cloning, and organizational learning. Three strategies for downsizing are distinguished and characterized: a strategy for reducing the workforce, a strategy for reorganizing the structure and culture (redesign), and a systemic strategy. The latter involves the most profound and radical changes in the field of not only business processes and structure, but also the culture of the organization. Depending on the speed and depth of changes, a convergent strategy is distinguished (changes affect part of the organization or its individual business processes) and a reorientation strategy that affects the organization more broadly and involves a significant redefinition of its mission, strategy, and structure. The financial, organizational, and human consequences of using these strategies are considered. The likelihood of human consequences is the main obstacle to making decisions about downsizing.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Управление изменениями</kwd><kwd>даунсайзинг</kwd><kwd>организационная структура</kwd><kwd>увольнение персонала</kwd><kwd>конвергентная стратегия фирмы</kwd><kwd>бизнес-процессы</kwd><kwd>бизнес-модель</kwd><kwd>сопротивление изменениям</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Change management</kwd><kwd>downsizing</kwd><kwd>organizational structure</kwd><kwd>staff dismissal</kwd><kwd>convergent strategy of the company</kwd><kwd>business processes</kwd><kwd>business model</kwd><kwd>resistance to change</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бунина Е.А. Сохранение интеллектуального капитала при даунсайзинге организации // Современные социально-экономические проблемы российского общества: сборник статей по материалам научной сессии Института заочного экономического образования Воронежского государственного университета. Воронеж: Воронежский государственный университет, 2016. С. 6–11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agwu Е., Carter А., Murray Р. (2014) Downsizing as a Strategic Tool for Effective Organizational Management. International Journal of Research in Management, Science &amp; Technology. Vol. 2. Is. 1. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3120520</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гильдингерш М.Г., Бразевич С.С., Маргулян Я.А. Подходы к изучению института высвобождения работников и практика их применения на предприятии // Социология. 2023. № 6. С. 156–162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen D., Freeman M, Russell J., Reizenstein R., Rentz J. (2001) Survivor Reactions to Organizational Downsizing: Does Time Ease the Pain? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Vоl. 74. Is. 2. P. 145–164. DOI: 10.1348/096317901167299</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Занина Е.Г. Выбор методов управления стратегическими изменениями на предприятии // Экономика. Менеджмент. Инновации. 2020. № 1(25). С. 20–31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amundson N., Borgen W., Jordan S., Erlebach A. (2004) Survivors of Downsizing: Helpful and Hindering Experiences. The Career Development Quarterly. Vol. 52. Is. 2. P. 256–271. DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00647.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кристенсен К., Рейнор М. Решение проблемы инноваций в бизнесе. Как создать растущий бизнес и успешно поддерживать его рост. М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Appelbaum S., Donia M. (2001) The Realistic Downsizing Preview: A Management Intervention in the Prevention of Survivor Syndrome (Part II). Career Development International. Vol. 6. Is. 1. P. 5–19. DOI: 10.1108/13620430110380990</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Линц К., Мюллер-Стивенс Г., Циммерман А. Радикальное изменение бизнес-модели. Адаптация и выживание в конкурентной среде. М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budros A. (2002) The Mean and Lean Firm of Downsizing: Causes of Involuntary and Voluntary Downsizing Strategies. Sociological Forum. Vol. 17. P. 307–342. DOI: 10.1023/A:1016093330881</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попова Т.С., Гречкин Е.И. Шринкфляция и даунсайзинг как маркетинговые приемы воздействия на покупательское поведение // Практический маркетинг. 2023. № 9(315). С. 54–56. DOI: 10.24412/2071-3762-2023-9315-54-56</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bunina Е.А. (2016) Sokhraneniye intellektual’nogo kapitala pri daunsayzinge organizatsii [Preservation of intellectual capital during downsizing of the organization]. Sovremennyye sotsial’no-ekonomicheskiye problemy rossiyskogo obshchestva: sbornik statey po materialam nauchnoy sessii Instituta zaochnogo ekonomicheskogo obrazovaniya Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Voronezh: Voronezhskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet. P. 6–11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Райхельд Ф. Эффект лояльности. Движущие силы экономического роста, прибыли и непреходящей ценности. М.: Вильямс, 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burke R., Greenglass E. (2000) Organizational Restructuring: Identifying Effective Hospital Downsizing Processes. In: Burke R., Cooper C. (eds.) Organization in Crisis. Malden, MA: Blackwell. P. 284–303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рубинфельд А., Хемингуэй К. Созданные для роста. М.: Баланс Бизнес Букс, 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron K. (1994) Strategies for Successful Organizational Downsizing. Human Resource Management. Vol. 33. Is. 2. P. 189–211. DOI: 10.1002/hrm.3930330204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трансформация бизнес-модели / Harvard Business Review. М.: Альпина Паблишер, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron K. (1998) Strategic Organizational Downsizing: An Extreme Case. In: Cooper S., Rousseau D. (eds.) Trends in Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley. Vol. 5. P. 185–229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуйкова Т.С. Даунсайзинг: следствия для индивида и организации. // Актуальные проблемы современного общества. Социология. Управление. Политика: Межвузовский сборник научных трудов. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет, 2019. С. 53–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cameron S., Freeman J., Mishra K. (1993) Downsizing and Redesigning Organizations. In: Huber G., Glick W. (eds.) Organizational Change and Redesign. San Francisco: Berret-Koehly Publishers. Р. 19–53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agwu Е., Carter А., Murray Р. Downsizing as a Strategic Tool for Effective Organizational Management // International Journal of Research in Management, Science &amp; Technology. 2014. Vol. 2. Is. 1. URL: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3120520</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cascio W.F. (1993) Downsizing: What do we know? What have we learned? Academy of Management Executive. Vol. 7. Is. 1. P. 95–104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen D., Freeman M, Russell J., Reizenstein R., Rentz J. Survivor Reactions to Organizational Downsizing: Does Time Ease the Pain? // Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 2001. Vоl. 74. Is. 2. P. 145–164. DOI: 10.1348/096317901167299</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cascio W.F. (2003) Responsible Restructuring: Seeing Employees as Assets, Not Costs. Ivey Business Journal Online. Available at: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/responsible-restructuring-seeingemployees-as-assets-not-costs/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amundson N., Borgen W., Jordan S., Erlebach A. Survivors of Downsizing: Helpful and Hindering Experiences // The Career Development Quarterly. 2004. Vol. 52. Is. 2. P. 256–271. DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00647.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chopra A. (2006) Survival. Best Paper Proceedings of Academy of Management. Part 2. P. 134–139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Appelbaum S., Donia M. The Realistic Downsizing Preview: A Management Intervention in the Prevention of Survivor Syndrome (Part II) // Career Development International. 2001. Vol. 6. Is. 1. P. 5–19. DOI: 10.1108/13620430110380990</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christensen C., Raynor М. (2004) The Innovator’s Solution. Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth. Moscow. Alpina Pablisher.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Budros A. The Mean and Lean Firm of Downsizing: Causes of Involuntary and Voluntary Downsizing Strategies // Sociological Forum. 2002. Vol. 17. P. 307–342. DOI: 10.1023/A:1016093330881</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuykova T.S. (2019). Downsizing: Consequences for Individual and Organization. Aktual’nyye problemy sovremennogo obshchestva. Sotsiologiya. Upravleniye. Politika: Mezhvuzovskiy sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Saint Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburgskiy gosudarstvennyy ekonomicheskiy universitet. P. 53–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burke R., Greenglass E. Organizational Restructuring: Identifying Effective Hospital Downsizing Processes // Organization in Crisis / ed. by R. Burke, C. Cooper. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2000. P. 284–303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Vries K.M.F., Balazs К. (1997) The Downsizing of Downsizing. Human Relations. Vol. 50. Is. 1. Р. 11–50. DOI: 10.1177/00187267970500010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron K. Strategies for Successful Organizational Downsizing // Human Resource Management. 1994. Vol. 33. Is. 2. P. 189–211. DOI: 10.1002/hrm.3930330204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Meuse K., Bergmann T., Vanderheiden P., Roraff C. (2004) New Evidence Regarding Organizational Downsizing and a Firm’s Financial Performance: A Long-Term Analysis. Journal of Managerial Issues. Vol. 16. Is. 1. P. 155–177.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron K. Strategic Organizational Downsizing: An Extreme Case // Trends in Organizational Behavior / ed. by S. Cooper, D. Rousseau. New York: John Wiley, 1998. Vol. 5. P. 185–229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drew S. (1994) Downsizing to Improve Strategic Position. Management Decision. Vol. 32. Is. 1. P. 4–11. DOI: 10.1108/00251749410050624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron S., Freeman J., Mishra K. Downsizing and Redesigning Organizations // Organizational Change and Redesign / ed. by G. Huber, W. Glick. San Francisco: Berret-Koehly Publishers, 1993. Р. 19–53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Espahbodi J., Vasudevan G. (2000) The Effects of Downsizing on Operating Performance. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting. Vol. 15. P. 107–126. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008321929083</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cascio W.F. Downsizing: What do we know? What have we learned? // Academy of Management Executive. 1993. Vol. 7. Is. 1. P. 95-104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farrell М., Mavondo F. (2004) The Effect of Downsizing Strategy and Reorientation Strategy on a Learning Orientation. Personnel Review. Vol. 33. Is. 4. P. 383–402. DOI: 10.1108/00483480410539470</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cascio W.F. Responsible Restructuring: Seeing Employees as Assets, Not Costs // Ivey Business Journal Online. 2003. URL: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/publication/responsible-restructuring-seeing-employees-asassets-not-costs/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fijalkowska A., Hjartаker K., Nesheim T. (2017) Lay Off Employees or Terminate Consultant Contracts? Responses to an External Shock in Three Firms in the Norwegian Petroleum Industry. Employee Relations. Vol. 39. Is. 7. P. 1083–1099. DOI: 10.1108/ER-11-2016-0219</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chopra A. Survival // Best Paper Proceedings of Academy of Management. 2006. Part 2. P. 134-139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freeman S. (1994) Organizational Downsizing as Convergence or Reorientation: Implications for Human Resource Management. Human Resource Management. Vol. 33. Is. 2. P. 213–238. DOI: 10.1002/hrm.3930330205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Meuse K., Bergmann T., Vanderheiden P., Roraff C. New Evidence Regarding Organizational Downsizing and a Firm’s Financial Performance: A Long-Term Analysis // Journal of Managerial Issues. 2004. Vol. 16. Is. 1. P. 155–177.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gandolfi F. (2010) Organizational Downsizing: A Review of Two Decades of a Strategic Phenomenon. Sasin Journal of Management. Vol. 16. Is. 1. P. 85-–108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Vries K.M.F., Balazs К. The Downsizing of Downsizing // Human Relations. 1997. Vol. 50. Is. 1. Р. 11–50. DOI: 10.1177/00187267970500010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gandolfi F., Hansson M. (2010) Reduction-in-Force (RIF) — New Developments and a Brief Historical Analysis of a Business Strategy. Journal of Management &amp; Organization. Vol. 16. Is. 5. P. 727–743. DOI: 10.5172/jmo.2010.16.5.727</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Drew S. Downsizing to Improve Strategic Position // Management Decision. 1994. Vol. 32. Is. 1. P. 4–11. DOI: 10.1108/00251749410050624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gandolfi F., Neck P. (2008) Consequences, Payoffs, and Fallout of Downsizing. A Literature Review of Corporate Downsizing: Рart 3. Review of International Comparative Management. Vol. 9. Is. 11. P. 55–78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Espahbodi J., Vasudevan G. The Effects of Downsizing on Operating Performance // Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting. 2000. Vol. 15. P. 107–126. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008321929083</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gildingersch М.G., Brazevich С.С., Margulian J.А. (2023). Approaches to the Study of the Institution of Employee Release and the Practice of Their Application at the Enterprise. Sotsiologiya. No. 6. P. 156–162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farrell М., Mavondo F. The Effect of Downsizing Strategy and Reorientation Strategy on a Learning Orientation // Personnel Review. 2004. Vol. 33. Is. 4. P. 383–402. DOI: 10.1108/00483480410539470</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gross R. (2015) Organizational Downsizing: The Past and Present Organizational Strategy. International Journal of Research in Business Management. Vol. 3. Is. 1. P. 24–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fijalkowska A., Hjartаker K., Nesheim T. Lay Off Employees or Terminate Consultant Contracts? Responses to an External Shock in Three Firms in the Norwegian Petroleum Industry // Employee Relations. 2017. Vol. 39. Is. 7. P. 1083–1099. DOI: 10.1108/ER-11-2016-0219</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harvard Business Review (2019) Transformation of the Business Model. Moscow: Alpina Pablisher.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freeman S. Organizational Downsizing as Convergence or Reorientation: Implications for Human Resource Management // Human Resource Management. 1994. Vol. 33. Is. 2. P. 213–238. DOI: 10.1002/hrm.3930330205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivimäki M, Honkonen T, Wahlbeck K., Elovainio M., Pentti J., Klaukka T., Virtanen M., Vahtera J. (2007) Organizational Downsizing and Increased Use of Psychotropic Drugs among Employees Who Remain in Employment. Journal of Epidemiology &amp; Community Health. Vol. 61. Is. 2. P. 154–158. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.050955</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gandolfi F. Organizational Downsizing: A Review of Two Decades of a Strategic Phenomenon // Sasin Journal of Management. 2010. Vol. 16. Is. 1. P. 85-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langster Н., Cutrer Sh. (2021) A Scoping Review of the Impact of Downsizing on Survivors. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration. Vol. 51. Is. 6. P. 329–333. DOI: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gandolfi F., Hansson M. Reduction-in-Force (RIF) — New Developments and a Brief Historical Analysis of a Business Strategy // Journal of Management &amp; Organization. 2010. Vol. 16. Is. 5. P. 727–743. DOI: 10.5172/jmo.2010.16.5.727</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Linz К., Müller-Stewens G., Zimmermann А. (2019) Radical Business Model Transformation: Gaining the Competitive Edge in a Disruptive World. Moscow. Alpina Pablisher.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gandolfi F., Neck P. Consequences, Payoffs, and Fallout of Downsizing. A Literature Review of Corporate Downsizing: Рart 3 // Review of International Comparative Management. 2008. Vol. 9. Is. 11. P. 55–78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liou K., Wang H. (2019) Managerial Value, Financial Condition, and Downsizing Reform. Public Personnel Management. Vol. 48. Is. 4. P. 471–492. DOI: 10.1177/0091026019826144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gross R. Organizational Downsizing: The Past and Present Organizational Strategy // International Journal of Research in Business Management. 2015. Vol. 3. Is. 1. P. 24–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Littler C. (1998) Organizational Downsizing: The Dilemmas of Change. Human Resources Management Bulletin. Sydney: CCH Australia Limited.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivimäki M, Honkonen T, Wahlbeck K., Elovainio M., Pentti J., Klaukka T., Virtanen M., Vahtera J. Organizational Downsizing and Increased Use of Psychotropic Drugs among Employees Who Remain in Employment // Journal of Epidemiology &amp; Community Health. 2007. Vol. 61. Is. 2. P. 154–158. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.050955</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Littler C. (2000) Comparing the Downsizing Experiences of Three Countries: A Restructuring Cycle. In: Burke R., Cooper C. (eds.) Organization in Crisis. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Р. 58–77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langster Н., Cutrer Sh. A Scoping Review of the Impact of Downsizing on Survivors // JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration. 2021. Vol. 51. Is. 6. P. 329–333. DOI: 10.1097/NNA.0000000000001022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Littler C., Gandolfi F. (2008) What Happened to Downsizing? Organizational Continuity, Managerial Fashion, and Signaling. Academy of Management Conference. P. 133–148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liou K., Wang H. Managerial Value, Financial Condition, and Downsizing Reform // Public Personnel Management. 2019. Vol. 48. Is. 4. P. 471–492. DOI: 10.1177/0091026019826144</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macky K. (2004) Organizational Downsizing and Redundancies: The New Zealand Workers’ Experience. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations. Vol. 29. Is. 1. P. 63–87.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Littler C. Organizational Downsizing: The Dilemmas of Change // Human Resources Management Bulletin. Sydney: CCH Australia Limited, 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirabal N., De Young R. (2005) Downsizing as a Strategic Intervention. Journal of American Academy of Business. Vol. 6. Is. 1. P. 39–45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Littler C. Comparing the Downsizing Experiences of Three Countries: A Restructuring Cycle // Organization in Crisis / ed. by R. Burke, C. Cooper. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2000. Р. 58–77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra A., Mishra R. (2009) Downsizing the Company without Downsizing Morale. MIT. Sloan Management Review. Vol. 50. Is. 3. P. 39–44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Littler C., Gandolfi F. What Happened to Downsizing? Organizational Continuity, Managerial Fashion, and Signaling // Academy of Management Conference. 2008. P. 133–148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popova Т.С., Grechkin Е.I. (2023) Shrinkflation and Downsizing as Marketing Techniques of Influence on Consumer Behavior. Prakticheskiy marketing. No. 9(315). P. 54–56. DOI: 10.24412/2071-3762-2023-9315-54-56</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macky K. Organizational Downsizing and Redundancies: The New Zealand Workers’ Experience // New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations. 2004. Vol. 29. Is. 1. P. 63-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reicheld F. (2005) The Loyalty Effect: The Hidden Force Behind Growth, Profits, and Lasting Value. Moscow. Vil’yams.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirabal N., De Young R. Downsizing as a Strategic Intervention // Journal of American Academy of Business. 2005. Vol. 6. Is. 1. P. 39–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubinfeld А., Hemingway C. (2006) Built for Growth. Moscow: Balans Biznes Buks.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra A., Mishra R. Downsizing the Company without Downsizing Morale // MIT. Sloan Management Review. 2009. Vol. 50. Is. 3. P. 39–44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryan L., Macky K. (1998) Downsizing Organizations: Uses, Outcomes and Strategies. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. Vol. 36. Is. 2. P. 29–45. DOI: 10.1177/103841119803600204</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryan L., Macky K. Downsizing Organizations: Uses, Outcomes and Strategies // Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources. 1998. Vol. 36. Is. 2. P. 29-45. DOI: 10.1177/103841119803600204</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahdev K. (2003) Survivors’ Reactions to Downsizing: The Importance of Contextual Factors. Human Resource Management Journal. Vol. 13. Is. 4. P. 56–74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.2003.tb00105.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahdev K. Survivors’ Reactions to Downsizing: The Importance of Contextual Factors // Human Resource Management Journal. 2003. Vol. 13. Is. 4. P. 56–74. DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-8583.2003.tb00105.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saxena R. (2006) Methods for the Study of Downsizing: A Review. IIMA Working Papers No. 2006-12-01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saxena R. Methods for the Study of Downsizing: A Review // IIMA Working Papers No. 2006-12-01. 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsai C. Yen F. (2008) A Model to Explore the Mystery between Organizations’ Downsizing Strategies and Firm Performance: Integrating The Perspectives of Organizational Change, Strategy and Strategic Human Resource Management. Journal of Organizational Change Management. Vol. 21. Is. 3. P. 367–384. DOI: 10.1108/09534810810874831</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsai C. Yen F. A Model to Explore the Mystery between Organizations’ Downsizing Strategies and Firm Performance: Integrating The Perspectives of Organizational Change, Strategy and Strategic Human Resource Management // Journal of Organizational Change Management. 2008. Vol. 21. Is. 3. P. 367–384. DOI: 10.1108/09534810810874831</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanina Е.G. (2020) Selection of Methods for Managing Strategic Changes at the Enterprise. Ekonomika. Menedzhment. Innovatsii. No.1 (25). P. 20–31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zyglidopoulos S.C. The Impact of Downsizing on the Corporate Reputation for Social Performance // Journal of Public Affairs. 2018. Vol. 4. Is. 1. P. 11–25. DOI: 10.1002/pa.168</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zyglidopoulos S.C. (2018) The Impact of Downsizing on the Corporate Reputation for Social Performance. Journal of Public Affairs. Vol. 4. Is. 1. P. 11–25. DOI: 10.1002/pa.168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
