gosuprГосударственное управление. Электронный вестникPublic Administration. E-journal (Russia)2070-1381Факультет государственного управления МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова10.24412/2070-1381-2023-97-26-41gosupr-173Research ArticleСОЦИОЛОГИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯMANAGEMENT SOCIOLOGYГендерный разрыв демографических потерь во время пандемии коронавируса: почему в России потери женщин в ожидаемой продолжительности жизни больше, чем у мужчинThe Gender Gap in Demographic Losses during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Why the Female Life Expectancy Losses Are More than the Male Ones in RussiaКалабихинаИ. Е.KalabikhinaI. E.

Калабихина Ирина Евгеньевна, доктор экономических наук, профессор, экономический факультет

Москва

Irina E. Kalabikhina, DSc (Economics), Professor, Faculty of Economics

Moscow

ikalabikhina@yandex.ruМаксимовМ. А.MaksimovM. A.

Максимов Михаил Антонович, магистрант, экономический факультет

Москва

Mikhail A. Maksimov, Master’s degree student, Faculty of Economics

Moscow

mihailmaximov000@gmail.comМГУ имени М.В. ЛомоносоваLomonosov Moscow State University2023240520260972641Copyright © Калабихина И.Е., Максимов М.А., 20262026Калабихина И.Е., Максимов М.А.Kalabikhina I.E., Maksimov M.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/173

Россия — практически единственная страна с надежной статистикой, в которой ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении в годы пандемии коронавируса в 2020–2021 гг. у женщин упала сильнее, чем у мужчин. Авторы на основе региональных данных с использованием МНК-модели обсуждают связь между женским демографическим проигрышем в годы пандемии в регионах России и демографическими и социальными детерминантами — факторами, ассоциированными с гендерным равенством (на рынке труда в зарплате и в занятости), с профессиональной сегрегацией (работа в медицинских организациях на позициях медперсонала различного уровня), демографическим развитием региона (успехи в увеличении продолжительности жизни у мужчин и женщин за последние года), показателями цифровизации (доля людей, пользующихся электронными государственными сервисами, доля людей, использующих интернет для покупок товаров). Результат исследования — более высокая, по сравнению с мужской, женская сверхсмертность в регионах России связана с наличием гендерного неравенства, что, однако, требует дополнительного изучения, поскольку в других странах не фиксируется эта связь с гендерным неравенством. Фактор цифровизации (использование цифровых государственных услуг) показал незначимую связь. Фактор модернизации (участие в онлайн-торговле) — контринтуитивную: модернизация способствует сврхсмертности. Демографический фактор показал значимость только для мужчин: возможно, это связано с более высокой смертностью мужской части населения. Полученный нами результат лишь частично дает ответ на вопрос, почему в России ОПЖ0 женщин упала в пандемию значительно сильнее, чем ОПЖ0 мужчин; в других странах, видимо, эти показатели были скомпенсированы адресной государственной социальной политикой или строгостью исполнения введенных ограничительных правил, что требует дополнительных исследований.

Russia is practically the only country with reliable statistics in which life expectancy at birth during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020–2021 fell more for women than for men. Based on regional data and using an OLS model, the authors discuss the relationship between women’s demographic loss during the pandemic years in the regions of Russia and demographic and social determinants — factors associated with gender equality (in the labor market in wages and employment), with occupational segregation (work in medical organizations in the positions of medical staff at various levels), the demographic development of the region (success in increasing life expectancy for men and women in recent years), digitalization indicators (the share of people using electronic government services, the share of people using the Internet to buy goods). The result of the study is that higher compared to male female supermortality in the regions of Russia is associated with the presence of gender inequality, which, however, requires additional study, since this relationship with gender inequality is not recorded in other countries. The digitalization factor (use of digital public services) showed a non-significant relationship. The modernization factor (participation in online trading) is counter-intuitive — modernization contributes to excess mortality. The demographic factor showed significance only for men — perhaps this is due to the higher mortality of the male part of the population. The result we obtained only partially answers the question why in Russia LE0 of women fell during the pandemic much more than LE0 of men — in other countries, apparently, they were compensated by the targeted state social policy or the strict enforcement of the introduced restrictive rules, which requires additional research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.