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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gosupr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Государственное управление. Электронный вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Public Administration. E-journal (Russia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2070-1381</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Факультет государственного управления МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2070-1381-2023-96-163-176</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gosupr-16</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEMS: THEORY AND PRACTICE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От пропаганды к публичной дипломатии: история появления и развития оригинального концепта</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From Propaganda to Public Diplomacy: The Emergence and Development of an Original Concept</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-5934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наумов Александр Олегович - доктор исторических наук, доцент, факультет государственного управления</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander O. Naumov - DSc (Historical Sciences), Associate Professor, School of Public Administration</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naumovao@my.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-8522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белоусова Марина Владимировна - ассистент, факультет государственного управления</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Belousova - Assistant, School of Public Administration</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Belousova@spa.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-6025</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Наталья Вадимовна - аспирант, факультет государственного управления</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Andreeva - Postgraduate Student, School of Public Administration</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AndreevaNV@spa.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>96</issue><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Наумов А.О., Белоусова М.В., Андреева Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Наумов А.О., Белоусова М.В., Андреева Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naumov A.O., Belousova M.V., Andreeva N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/16">https://www.spajournal.ru/jour/article/view/16</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья анализирует трансформацию технологий распространения информации и осуществления внешнеполитического влияния от применения методов пропаганды к зарождению и становлению концепции публичной дипломатии. Авторы изучают историю появления термина и эволюцию института внешнеполитической пропаганды со времен Древнего мира до конца XIX века, отдельно останавливаются на особенностях развития внешнеполитической пропаганды в первой половине прошлого столетия, подробно рассматривают переход от внешнеполитической пропаганды к публичной дипломатии во второй половине ХХ века, а также дальнейшую эволюцию данного концепта. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что трансформация понятия «пропаганда» рассматривается в общеисторическом контексте; кроме того, в статье проводится сравнительный анализ пропаганды и публичной дипломатии и устанавливаются их основополагающие различия. Публичная дипломатия представляет собой инструмент, применяемый как правительствами, так и частными акторами, для формирования положительного образа страны-субъекта посредством вещания, культурного экспорта, организации обменов и прочего в общественной среде стран-адресатов. Теоретически основой публичной дипломатии является достоверная информация, способная вызвать доверие у аудитории, в то время как пропаганда применяется в первую очередь в краткосрочных целях и направлена на манипуляцию общественным сознанием с помощью искажения или одностороннего освещения фактов. Несмотря на то, что современная научная мысль предлагает ряд критериев для размежевания пропаганды и публичной дипломатии, отличить использование последней от применения пропагандистских методов на практике — сложная и трудновыполнимая задача. Авторы приходят к выводу, что концепция публичной дипломатии представляет собой одновременно производное от феномена пропаганды и научную попытку отмежеваться от нее, однако в современных условиях геополитической турбулентности провести четкую грань между ними становится все сложнее.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyses the transformation of how information is disseminated and influence in foreign policy starting with the use of propaganda methods to the emergence of the concept of public diplomacy. The authors study the evolution of the propaganda in foreign policy from the Ancient world to the end of the 19 century, separately dwell on the specifics of propaganda in foreign policy in the first half of the 20 century and consider in detail the transition from applications of propaganda technologies in foreign policy to public diplomacy in the second half of the 20 century and the further evolution of this concept. The novelty of the research relates, firstly, to the fact that the transformation of propaganda technologies is considered in a general historical context. Secondly, the authors conduct a comparative analysis of propaganda and public diplomacy and establish their fundamental differences. Public diplomacy is a tool used by both governments and private actors to shape a positive image of the subject country through broadcasting, cultural exports, organization of exchanges and other things in the public environment of the recipient countries. Theoretically, the public diplomacy rests on unbiased information that is at the same time trustworthy, while propaganda is used primarily for short-term purposes and is aimed at manipulating public consciousness through distortion or one-sided coverage of facts. Despite the fact that modern scientific discourse offers a number of criteria for separating propaganda and public diplomacy, distinguishing the use of the latter from the application of propaganda methods in practice seems to be a difficult task. The authors conclude that the concept of public diplomacy is both a derivative of the phenomenon of propaganda and a scientific attempt to dissociate from it, however, in modern conditions, it is becoming increasingly difficult to draw a clear line between them.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пропаганда</kwd><kwd>публичная дипломатия</kwd><kwd>«мягкая сила»</kwd><kwd>Ватикан</kwd><kwd>США</kwd><kwd>Первая мировая война</kwd><kwd>Вторая мировая война</kwd><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>Гарольд Лассуэлл</kwd><kwd>Эдмунд Галлион</kwd><kwd>Джозеф Най</kwd><kwd>Николас Калл</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>propaganda</kwd><kwd>public diplomacy</kwd><kwd>soft power</kwd><kwd>Vatican</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd><kwd>World War I</kwd><kwd>World War II</kwd><kwd>cold war</kwd><kwd>Harold Lasswell</kwd><kwd>Edmund Gullion</kwd><kwd>Joseph Nye</kwd><kwd>Nicholas Cull</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артамонова У.В. 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